Contents

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Preface

Audience

Organization

Related Documentation

Conventions

Documentation Accessibility

1 Backup and Recovery Overview

What is Backup and Recovery?

Physical Backups and Logical Backups

Errors and Failures Requiring Recovery from Backup

Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions: RMAN and User-Managed Backup

Backup and Recovery: Basic Concepts

Physical Database Structures Used in Recovering Data

The Database Recovery Process: Basic Concepts

Forms of Data Recovery

Datafile Media Recovery: Restore Datafiles, Apply Redo

Complete, Incomplete and Point-In-Time Recovery

Automatic Recovery After Instance Failure: Crash Recovery

Backup and Recovery with RMAN

Types of Oracle Database Backup under RMAN

Matching Failures to Backup and Recovery Techniques

Media Failure

User Error

Automatic Disk-Based Backup and Recovery: The Flash Recovery Area

System Requirements for Backup and Recovery Methods

Feature Comparison of Backup Methods

2 Backup and Recovery Strategies

Data Recovery Strategy Determines Backup Strategy

Planning Data Recovery Strategy

Planning a Response to User Error: Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features

Planning a Response to Media Failure: Restore and Media Recovery

Planning a Response to Datafile Block Corruption: Block Media Recovery

Planning Backup Strategy

Protecting Your Redundancy Set

Deciding Between ARCHIVELOG and NOARCHIVELOG Mode

Deciding Whether to Use a Flash Recovery Area

Choosing a Backup Retention Policy

Archiving Older Backups

Determining Backup Frequency

Performing Backups Before and After You Make Structural Changes

Backing Up Frequently Used Tablespaces

Backing Up after NOLOGGING Operations

Exporting Data for Added Protection and Flexibility

Preventing the Backup of Online Redo Logs

Keeping Records of the Hardware and Software Configuration of the Server

Validating Your Data Recovery Strategy

Validating RMAN Backups: BACKUP VALIDATE and RESTORE VALIDATE

3 Setting Up and Configuring Backup and Recovery

Starting and Exiting RMAN: Overview

Types of Database Connections

Authentication for Database Connections

Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN

Connecting to the Target Database

Connecting to the Target Database from the Command Line

Connecting to the Target Database from the RMAN Prompt

Setting Up a Database for RMAN Backup

Persistent Configuration Settings: Controlling RMAN Behavior

Configuring the Default Device Type for Backups

Configuring the Default Backup Type for Disk Backups

Configuring Compressed Backupsets as Default for Tape or Disk

Configuring Disk Devices and Channels

Configuring Tape Devices and Channels

Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackup

Setting Up a Flash Recovery Area for RMAN

Choosing a Location for the Flash Recovery Area

Files That Can Be Stored in the Flash Recovery Area

Planning the Size of the Flash Recovery Area

Setting Initialization Parameters for the Flash Recovery Area

Configuring the Backup Retention Policy

How Oracle Manages Disk Space in the Flash Recovery Area

Configure Flash Recovery Area for Disk-Based Backups: Example

Creating a Database with Multiplexed Files in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario

Creating a Database with Only Archived Logs in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario

4 Making Backups with Recovery Manager

Overview of RMAN Backups

Files That RMAN Can Back Up

RMAN Backup Formats: Image Copies and Backup Sets

Full and Incremental Datafile Backups

RMAN Backups and Tags

Backing Up Database Files and Archived Logs with RMAN

Making Consistent and Inconsistent Backups with RMAN

Making Whole Database Backups with RMAN

Backing Up Individual Tablespaces with RMAN

Backing Up Datafiles and Datafile Copies with RMAN

Backing Up Control Files with RMAN

Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN

Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN

Using Compressed Backupsets

RMAN Incremental Backups

Making Incremental Backups: BACKUP INCREMENTAL

Incrementally Updated Backups: Rolling Forward Image Copy Backups

Improving Incremental Backup Performance: Change Tracking

Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area: Basic Scenarios

Scripting Disk-Only Backups

Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area and to Tape: Basic Scenarios

Configuring the RMAN Environment for Disk and Tape Backups

Writing Backup Scripts for Disk and Tape Scenarios

Validating RMAN Backups

Overview of Querying the RMAN Repository

Listing RMAN Backups, Archived Logs, and Database Incarnations

About RMAN Lists

Listing Backups

Listing Backups in Summary Mode

Listing Backups with Restrictions

Listing Database Incarnations

Reporting on Backups and Database Schema

About RMAN Reports

Reporting on Objects Needing a Backup

Reporting Obsolete Backups

Reporting on the Database Schema

5 Performing Recovery

Database Restore and Recovery with RMAN: Overview

Scope and Limitations of this Chapter

Restore and Recovery with Enterprise Manager

Preparing and Planning Database Restore and Recovery

Database Restore and Recovery Procedure: Outline

Determining Which Database Files to Restore or Recover

Determining your DBID

Previewing Backups Used in Restore Operations: RESTORE PREVIEW

Validating the Restore of Backups: RESTORE VALIDATE

Basic Database Restore and Recovery Scenarios

Whole Database Restore and Recovery: Scenario

Restore and Recovery of Individual Tablespaces or Datafiles: Scenario

Restoring Different Types of Lost Database Files with RMAN

Restoring the Control File from Backup

Restoring the Server Parameter File (SPFILE) from Backup

Restoring and Recovering Datafiles and Tablespaces to a New Location

Restoring Archived Redo Logs from Backup

6 Recovery Manager Maintenance Tasks

Managing the RMAN Repository Without a Recovery Catalog

Backing Up and Restoring the Control File

Monitoring the Overwriting of Control File Records

Maintaining the RMAN Repository in the Control File

Crosschecking Backups

Deleting Backups

Crosschecking and Deleting on Multiple RMAN Channels

About Allocating Multiple RMAN Channels for Maintenance Commands

How RMAN Crosschecks and Deletes on Multiple Channels

Crosschecking Disk and Tape Channels with One Command: Example

Crosschecking on Multiple Oracle Real Application Cluster Nodes: Example

Deleting on Disk and Tape Channels with One DELETE Command: Example

Releasing Multiple Channels: Example

Deleting a Database with RMAN

Changing the Status of a Backup Record

Marking a Backup AVAILABLE or UNAVAILABLE

Exempting a Backup from the Retention Policy

Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies

About Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies

Cataloging User-Managed Datafile Copies

Cataloging Backup Pieces

Cataloging All Files in a Disk Location

Uncataloging RMAN Records

About Uncataloging RMAN Records

Removing Records for Files Deleted with Operating System Utilities

Flash Recovery Area Maintenance

Resolving a Full Flash Recovery Area

Changing the Flash Recovery Area to a New Location

Flash Recovery Area Behavior When Instance Crashes During File Creation

Glossary

Index