Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

Documentation Accessibility

Technologies Released Separately

Related Documentation

What's New in Oracle Spatial?

Coordinate System Support Based on EPSG Model

New SDO_GEOMETRY Methods and Constructors

New min_resolution and max_resolution Keywords

New sdo_dml_batch_size Parameter

New Geocoding Subprograms

New Utility Subprograms

U.S. National Grid Support

Unknown and NaC Coordinate Reference Systems

Spatial Routing Engine

Part I Conceptual and Usage Information

1 Spatial Concepts

1.1 What Is Oracle Spatial?

1.2 Object-Relational Model

1.3 Introduction to Spatial Data

1.4 Geometry Types

1.5.4 Coordinate System

1.5.5 Tolerance

1.5.5.1 Tolerance in the Geometry Metadata for a Layer

1.5.5.2 Tolerance as an Input Parameter

1.6 Query Model

1.7 Indexing of Spatial Data

1.7.1 R-Tree Indexing

1.7.2 R-Tree Quality

1.8 Spatial Relationships and Filtering

1.9 Spatial Operators, Procedures, and Functions

1.10 Spatial Aggregate Functions

1.10.1 SDOAGGRTYPE Object Type

1.12 Spatial Java Application Programming Interface

1.13 MDDATA Schema

1.14 Performance and Tuning Information

1.15 Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Conformance

1.16 Spatial Release (Version) Number

1.17 Spatial Application Hardware Requirement Considerations

1.18 Spatial Error Messages

1.19 Spatial Examples

1.20 README File for Spatial and Related Features

2 Spatial Data Types and Metadata

2.1 Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data

2.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type

2.2.1 SDO_GTYPE

2.2.3 SDO_POINT

2.2.4 SDO_ELEM_INFO

2.2.5 SDO_ORDINATES

2.2.6 Usage Considerations

2.3 SDO_GEOMETRY Methods

2.4 SDO_GEOMETRY Constructors

2.5 Geometry Examples

2.5.1 Rectangle

2.5.2 Polygon with a Hole

2.5.3 Compound Line String

2.5.4 Compound Polygon

2.5.6 Oriented Point

2.5.7 Type 0 (Zero) Element

2.5.8 Several Geometry Types

2.6 Geometry Metadata Views

2.6.1 TABLE_NAME

2.6.2 COLUMN_NAME

2.7 Spatial Index-Related Structures

2.7.1 Spatial Index Views

2.7.1.1 xxx_SDO_INDEX_INFO Views

2.7.1.2 xxx_SDO_INDEX_METADATA Views

2.7.2 Spatial Index Table Definition

2.7.3 R-Tree Index Sequence Object

2.8 Unit of Measurement Support

3 Loading Spatial Data

3.1 Bulk Loading

3.1.1 Bulk Loading SDO_GEOMETRY Objects

3.1.2 Bulk Loading Point-Only Data in SDO_GEOMETRY Objects

3.2 Transactional Insert Operations Using SQL

4 Indexing and Querying Spatial Data

4.1 Creating a Spatial Index

4.1.1 Indexing Geodetic Data

4.1.2 Constraining Data to a Geometry Type

4.1.3 Creating a Cross-Schema Index

4.1.4 Using Partitioned Spatial Indexes

4.1.5 Exchanging Partitions Including Indexes

4.1.6 Export and Import Considerations with Spatial Indexes and Data

4.2 Querying Spatial Data

4.2.1 Spatial Query

4.2.1.1 Primary Filter Operator

4.2.1.2 Primary and Secondary Filter Operator

4.2.1.3 Within-Distance Operator

4.2.1.4 Nearest Neighbor Operator

4.2.1.5 Spatial Functions

4.2.2 Spatial Join

4.2.3 Cross-Schema Operator Invocation

5 Geocoding Address Data

5.1 Concepts for Geocoding

5.1.1 Address Representation

5.1.2 Match Modes

5.1.3 Match Codes

5.1.4 Error Messages for Output Geocoded Addresses

5.2 Data Types for Geocoding

5.2.1 SDO_GEO_ADDR Type

5.2.2 SDO_ADDR_ARRAY Type

5.2.3 SDO_KEYWORDARRAY Type

5.3 Using the Geocoding Capabilities

5.4 Geocoding from a Place Name

5.5 Data Structures for Geocoding

5.5.1 GC_AREA_<suffix> Table

5.5.2 GC_COUNTRY_PROFILE Table

5.5.3 GC_INTERSECTION_<suffix> Table

5.5.4 GC_POI_<suffix> Table

5.5.5 GC_POSTAL_CODE_<suffix> Table

5.5.6 GC_ROAD_<suffix> Table

5.5.7 GC_ROAD_SEGMENT_<suffix> Table

6 Coordinate Systems (Spatial Reference Systems)

6.1 Terms and Concepts

6.1.1 Coordinate System (Spatial Reference System)

6.1.2 Cartesian Coordinates

6.1.3 Geodetic Coordinates (Geographic Coordinates)

6.1.4 Projected Coordinates

6.1.5 Local Coordinates

6.1.6 Geodetic Datum

6.1.7 Transformation

6.2 Geodetic Coordinate Support

6.2.1 Geodesy and Two-Dimensional Geometry

6.2.2 Choosing a Geodetic or Projected Coordinate System

6.2.3 Geodetic MBRs

6.2.4 Other Considerations and Requirements with Geodetic Data

6.3 Local Coordinate Support

6.4 EPSG Model and Spatial

6.5 TFM_PLAN Object Type

6.6 Coordinate Systems Data Structures

6.6.1 SDO_COORD_AXES Table

6.6.2 SDO_COORD_AXIS_NAMES Table

6.6.3 SDO_COORD_OP_METHODS Table

6.6.4 SDO_COORD_OP_PARAM_USE Table

6.6.5 SDO_COORD_OP_PARAM_VALS Table

6.6.6 SDO_COORD_OP_PARAMS Table

6.6.7 SDO_COORD_OP_PATHS Table

6.6.8 SDO_COORD_OPS Table

6.6.9 SDO_COORD_REF_SYS Table

6.6.10 SDO_COORD_REF_SYSTEM View

6.6.11 SDO_COORD_SYS Table

6.6.12 SDO_CRS_COMPOUND View

6.6.13 SDO_CRS_ENGINEERING View

6.6.14 SDO_CRS_GEOCENTRIC View

6.6.15 SDO_CRS_GEOGRAPHIC2D View

6.6.16 SDO_CRS_GEOGRAPHIC3D View

6.6.17 SDO_CRS_PROJECTED View

6.6.18 SDO_CRS_VERTICAL View

6.6.19 SDO_DATUM_ENGINEERING View

6.6.20 SDO_DATUM_GEODETIC View

6.6.21 SDO_DATUM_VERTICAL View

6.6.22 SDO_DATUMS Table

6.6.23 SDO_ELLIPSOIDS Table

6.6.24 SDO_PREFERRED_OPS_SYSTEM Table

6.6.25 SDO_PREFERRED_OPS_USER Table

6.6.26 SDO_PRIME_MERIDIANS Table

6.6.27 SDO_UNITS_OF_MEASURE Table

6.7 Legacy Tables

6.7.1 MDSYS.CS_SRS Table

6.7.1.1 Well-Known Text (WKT)

6.7.1.2 Procedures for Updating the Well-Known Text

6.7.2 MDSYS.SDO_ANGLE_UNITS Table

6.7.3 MDSYS.SDO_DATUMS_OLD_FORMAT and SDO_DATUMS_OLD_SNAPSHOT Tables

6.7.4 MDSYS.SDO_ELLIPSOIDS_OLD_FORMAT and SDO_ELLIPSOIDS_OLD_SNAPSHOT Tables

6.7.5 MDSYS.SDO_PROJECTIONS_OLD_FORMAT and SDO_PROJECTIONS_OLD_SNAPSHOT Tables

6.8 Creating a User-Defined Coordinate Reference System

6.8.1 Creating a Geodetic CRS

6.8.2 Creating a Projected CRS

6.9 Notes and Restrictions with Coordinate Systems Support

6.9.1 Different Coordinate Systems for Geometries with Operators and Functions

6.9.2 3D LRS Functions Not Supported with Geodetic Data

6.9.3 Functions Supported by Approximations with Geodetic Data

6.9.4 Unknown CRS and NaC Coordinate Reference Systems

6.10 U.S. National Grid Support

6.11 Example of Coordinate System Transformation

7 Linear Referencing System

7.1 Terms and Concepts

7.1.1 Geometric Segments (LRS Segments)

7.1.2 Shape Points

7.1.3 Direction of a Geometric Segment

7.1.4 Measure (Linear Measure)

7.1.6 Measure Populating

7.1.7 Measure Range of a Geometric Segment

7.1.8 Projection

7.1.9 LRS Point

7.1.10 Linear Features

7.1.11 Measures with Multiline Strings and Polygons with Holes

7.2 LRS Data Model

7.3 Indexing of LRS Data

7.4 3D Formats of LRS Functions

7.5 LRS Operations

7.5.1 Defining a Geometric Segment

7.5.2 Redefining a Geometric Segment

7.5.3 Clipping a Geometric Segment

7.5.4 Splitting a Geometric Segment

7.5.5 Concatenating Geometric Segments

7.5.6 Scaling a Geometric Segment

7.5.7 Offsetting a Geometric Segment

7.5.8 Locating a Point on a Geometric Segment

7.5.9 Projecting a Point onto a Geometric Segment

7.5.10 Converting LRS Geometries

7.6 Tolerance Values with LRS Functions

7.7 Example of LRS Functions

8 Spatial Analysis and Mining

8.1 Spatial Information and Data Mining Applications

8.2 Spatial Binning for Detection of Regional Patterns

8.3 Materializing Spatial Correlation

8.4 Colocation Mining

8.5 Spatial Clustering

8.6 Location Prospecting

9 Extending Spatial Indexing Capabilities

9.1 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in User-Defined Type Definitions

9.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in Function-Based Indexes

9.2.1 Example: Function with Standard Types

9.2.2 Example: Function with a User-Defined Object Type

Part II Reference Information

10 SQL Statements for Indexing Spatial Data

ALTER INDEX REBUILD

ALTER INDEX RENAME TO

11 Spatial Operators

SDO_ANYINTERACT

SDO_NN_DISTANCE

SDO_OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT

SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT

SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE

12 Spatial Aggregate Functions

SDO_AGGR_CENTROID

SDO_AGGR_CONCAT_LINES

SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL

SDO_AGGR_LRS_CONCAT

13 SDO_CS Package (Coordinate System Transformation)

SDO_CS.ADD_PREFERENCE_FOR_OP

SDO_CS.CONVERT_NADCON_TO_XML

SDO_CS.CONVERT_NTV2_TO_XML

SDO_CS.CONVERT_XML_TO_NADCON

SDO_CS.CONVERT_XML_TO_NTV2

SDO_CS.CREATE_CONCATENATED_OP

SDO_CS.CREATE_OBVIOUS_EPSG_RULES

SDO_CS.CREATE_PREF_CONCATENATED_OP

SDO_CS.DELETE_ALL_EPSG_RULES

SDO_CS.DELETE_OP

SDO_CS.DETERMINE_CHAIN

SDO_CS.DETERMINE_DEFAULT_CHAIN

SDO_CS.FIND_GEOG_CRS

SDO_CS.FIND_PROJ_CRS

SDO_CS.FROM_OGC_SIMPLEFEATURE_SRS

SDO_CS.FROM_USNG

SDO_CS.MAP_EPSG_SRID_TO_ORACLE

SDO_CS.MAP_ORACLE_SRID_TO_EPSG

SDO_CS.REVOKE_PREFERENCE_FOR_OP

SDO_CS.TO_OGC_SIMPLEFEATURE_SRS

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_ALL_EPSG_CRS

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_CRS

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_DATUM

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_ELLIPS

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_OP

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_PARAM

SDO_CS.UPDATE_WKTS_FOR_EPSG_PM

SDO_CS.VALIDATE_WKT

SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM

14 SDO_GCDR Package (Geocoding)

SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE

SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_ADDR

SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_ADDR_ALL

SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_ALL

SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_AS_GEOMETRY

SDO_GCDR.REVERSE_GEOCODE

15 SDO_GEOM Package (Geometry)

SDO_GEOM.RELATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY

SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA

SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CONVEXHULL

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE

16 SDO_LRS Package (Linear Referencing System)

SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.FIND_LRS_DIM_POS

SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.FIND_OFFSET

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT

SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT

SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT

SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED

SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING

SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_INCREASING

SDO_LRS.IS_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE

SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY

SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT

SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY

17 SDO_MIGRATE Package (Upgrading)

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT

18 SDO_SAM Package (Spatial Analysis and Mining)

SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY

SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_LAYER

SDO_SAM.BIN_GEOMETRY

SDO_SAM.BIN_LAYER

SDO_SAM.COLOCATED_REFERENCE_FEATURES

SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_GEOMETRY

SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_LAYER

SDO_SAM.SPATIAL_CLUSTERS

SDO_SAM.TILED_AGGREGATES

SDO_SAM.TILED_BINS

19 SDO_TUNE Package (Tuning)

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_RTREE_INDEX_SIZE

SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF

SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

SDO_TUNE.QUALITY_DEGRADATION

20 SDO_UTIL Package (Utility)

SDO_UTIL.APPEND

SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON

SDO_UTIL.CONCAT_LINES

SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT

SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT

SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMVERTICES

SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES

SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS

SDO_UTIL.POINT_AT_BEARING

SDO_UTIL.POLYGONTOLINE

SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS

SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VERTICES

SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING

SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY

SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY

SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY

Part III Supplementary Information

A Installation, Compatibility, and Upgrade

A.1 Upgrading LRS Data

A.2 Ensuring That GeoRaster Works Properly After an Upgrade

B Oracle Locator

C Routing Engine

C.1 Installing and Configuring the Routing Engine

C.2 Routing Engine XML API

C.2.1 Route Request and Response Examples

C.2.2 Route Request DTD

C.2.2.1 route_request Element

C.2.2.2 route_request Attributes

C.2.2.3 input_location Element

C.2.2.4 pre_geocoded_location Element

C.2.3 Route Response DTD

C.2.4 Batch Route Request and Response Examples

C.2.5 Batch Route Request DTD

C.2.5.1 batch_route_request Element

C.2.5.2 batch_route_request Attributes

C.2.6 Batch Route Response DTD

C.2.7 Geocoding Request and Response DTDs

C.2.7.1 Geocoding Request DTD

C.2.7.2 Geocoding Response DTD

C.3 Data Structures Used by the Routing Engine

C.3.1 EDGE Table

C.3.2 NODE Table

C.3.3 PARTITION Table

C.3.4 SIGN_POST Table

D Complex Spatial Queries: Examples

D.1 Tables Used in the Examples

D.2 SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE Examples

D.3 SDO_NN Examples

D.4 SDO_AGGR_UNION Example

Glossary

Index