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Oracle® Enterprise Manager Advanced Configuration
10
g
Release 2 (10.2)
Part Number B16242-01
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Contents
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Intended Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documents
Conventions
1
Introduction to Enterprise Manager Advanced Configuration
1.1
Types of Advanced Configuration Tasks
1.2
Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directory Structure
1.2.1
Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directories Installed with Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Grid Control
1.2.1.1
About the Oracle Management Service Home Directory
1.2.1.2
About the Oracle Management Agent Home (AGENT_HOME) Directory
1.2.1.3
Summary of the Important Directories in the Management Service Home
1.2.2
Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directories Installed with the Management Agent
1.2.2.1
Summary of the Important Directories in the Management Agent Home
1.2.2.2
Understanding the Management Agent Directory Structure on Windows
1.2.3
Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directories Installed with Oracle Application Server
1.2.4
Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directories Installed with Oracle Database 10g
1.2.5
Tip for Identifying the Oracle Home When Using the emctl Command
1.2.6
Configuring Database Control During and After the Oracle Database 10g Installation
1.2.6.1
Configuring Database Control During Installation
1.2.6.2
Configuring Database Control with DBCA
1.2.6.3
Configuring Database Control with EMCA
1.2.6.4
Using an Input File for EMCA Parameters
1.2.6.5
Using EMCA with Real Application Clusters
1.2.6.6
Specifying the Ports Used By the Database Control
1.2.6.7
EMCA Troubleshooting Tips
1.3
Enabling Enterprise Manager Accessibility Features
1.3.1
Enabling Enterprise Manager Accessibility Mode
1.3.2
Providing Textual Descriptions of Enterprise Manager Charts
2
Starting and Stopping Enterprise Manager Components
2.1
Controlling the Oracle Management Agent
2.1.1
Starting, Stopping, and Checking the Status of the Management Agent on UNIX
2.1.2
Starting and Stopping the Management Agent on Windows
2.1.3
Checking the Status of the Management Agent on Windows
2.2
Controlling the Oracle Management Service
2.2.1
Controlling the Management Service on UNIX
2.2.1.1
Using OPMN to Start and Stop the Management Service
2.2.1.2
Using emctl to Start, Stop, and Check the Status of the Oracle Management Service
2.2.1.3
Starting and Stopping Oracle Application Server Web Cache
2.2.2
Controlling the Management Service on Windows
2.3
Controlling the Application Server Control
2.3.1
Starting and Stopping the Application Server Control on UNIX
2.3.2
Starting and Stopping the Application Server Control on Windows
2.4
Controlling the Database Control on UNIX
2.4.1
Starting the Database Control on UNIX
2.4.2
Stopping the Database Control on UNIX
2.4.3
Starting and Stopping the Database Control on Windows
2.5
Guidelines for Starting Multiple Enterprise Manager Components on a Single Host
2.6
Starting and Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Grid Control
2.6.1
Starting Grid Control and All Its Components
2.6.2
Stopping Grid Control and All Its Components
2.7
Additional Management Agent Commands
2.7.1
Uploading and Reloading Data to the Management Repository
2.7.2
Specifying New Target Monitoring Credentials
2.7.2.1
Using the Grid Control Console to Modify the Monitoring Credentials
2.7.2.2
Using the Enterprise Manager Command Line to Modify the Monitoring Credentials
2.7.3
Listing the Targets on a Managed Host
2.7.4
Controlling Blackouts
2.7.5
Changing the Management Agent Time Zone
2.7.6
Reevaluating Metric Collections
3
Grid Control Common Configurations
3.1
About Common Configurations
3.2
Summary of the Grid Control Architecture and Components
3.3
Deploying Grid Control Components on a Single Host
3.4
Managing Multiple Hosts and Deploying a Remote Management Repository
3.5
Using Multiple Management Service Installations
3.5.1
Determining When to Use Multiple Management Service Installations
3.5.1.1
Monitoring the Load on Your Management Service Installations
3.5.1.2
Monitoring the Response Time of the Enterprise Manager Web Application Target
3.5.2
Understanding the Flow of Management Data When Using Multiple Management Services
3.6
High Availability Configurations
3.6.1
Load Balancing Connections Between the Management Agent and the Management Service
3.6.1.1
Configuring the Management Services for High Availability
3.6.1.2
Understanding the Flow of Data When Load Balancing the Upload of Management Data
3.6.1.3
Configuring a Server Load Balancer for Management Agent Data Upload
3.6.2
Load Balancing Connections Between the Grid Control Console and the Management Service
3.6.2.1
Understanding the Flow of Data When Load Balancing the Grid Control Console
3.6.2.2
Configuring a Server Load Balancer for the Grid Control Console
3.6.2.3
Configuring Oracle HTTP Server When Using a Server Load Balancer for the Grid Control Console
3.6.3
Configuring the Management Repository for High Availability
3.6.3.1
Understanding the Flow of Data When Configuring the Management Repository for High Availability
3.6.3.2
Installing the Management Repository into a Real Applications Clusters (RAC) Database
3.6.3.3
Specifying the Size of the Management Repository Tablespaces in a RAC Database
3.6.3.4
Configuring the Management Service to Use Oracle Net Load Balancing and Failover
4
Enterprise Manager Security
4.1
About Oracle Enterprise Manager Security
4.1.1
Oracle Enterprise Manager Security Model
4.1.2
Classes of Users and Their Privileges
4.1.3
Resources Protected
4.1.4
Authorization and Access Enforcement
4.1.5
Leveraging Oracle Application Server Security Services
4.1.6
Leveraging Oracle Identity Management Infrastructure
4.2
Configuring Security for Grid Control
4.2.1
About Enterprise Manager Framework Security
4.2.2
Overview of the Steps Required to Enable Enterprise Manager Framework Security
4.2.3
Enabling Security for the Oracle Management Service
4.2.3.1
Checking the Security Status
4.2.4
Enabling Security for the Oracle Management Agent
4.2.5
Enabling Security with Multiple Management Service Installations
4.2.6
Restricting HTTP Access to the Management Service
4.2.7
Managing Agent Registration Passwords
4.2.7.1
Using the Grid Control Console to Manage Agent Registration Passwords
4.2.7.2
Using emctl to Change the Agent Registration Password
4.2.8
Enabling Security for the Management Repository Database
4.2.8.1
About Oracle Advanced Security and the sqlnet.ora Configuration File
4.2.8.2
Configuring the Management Service to Connect to a Secure Management Repository Database
4.2.8.3
Enabling Oracle Advanced Security for the Management Repository
4.2.8.4
Enabling Security for a Management Agent Monitoring a Secure Management Repository or Database
4.3
Configuring Enterprise Manager for Use with Oracle Application Server Single Sign-On
4.3.1
Configuring Enterprise Manager to Use the Single Sign-On Logon Page
4.3.2
Registering Single Sign-On Users as Enterprise Manager Administrators
4.3.3
Grid Control as a Single Sign-On Partner Application
4.3.4
Bypassing the Single Sign-On Logon Page
4.4
Configuring Enterprise Manager for Use with Enterprise User Security
4.5
Setting Up the Auditing System for Enterprise Manager
4.5.1
Audit Data
4.5.2
Operation Codes
4.5.3
Audit APIs
4.5.4
Configuring the Enterprise Manager Audit System
4.6
Configuring the emkey
4.6.1
Generating the emkey
4.6.2
emctl Commands
4.6.2.1
emctl status emkey
4.6.2.2
emctl config emkey -repos
4.6.2.3
emctl config emkey -emkeyfile
4.6.2.4
emctl config emkey -emkey
4.6.2.5
emctl config emkey -remove_from_repos
4.6.2.6
emctl config emkey -copy_to_repos
4.6.3
Install and Upgrade Scenarios
4.6.3.1
Installing the Management Repository
4.6.3.2
Installing the First Oracle Management Service
4.6.3.3
Installing Additional Oracle Management Service
4.6.3.4
Upgrading from 10.1 to 10.2
4.6.3.5
Recreating the Management Repository
4.7
Additional Security Considerations
4.7.1
Responding to Browser-Specific Security Certificate Alerts
4.7.1.1
Responding to the Internet Explorer Security Alert Dialog Box
4.7.1.2
Responding to the Netscape Navigator New Site Certificate Dialog Box
4.7.1.3
Preventing the Display of the Internet Explorer Security Information Dialog Box
4.7.2
Configuring Beacons to Monitor Web Applications Over HTTPS
4.8
Other Security Features
4.8.1
Using ORACLE _HOME Credentials
4.8.2
Patching Oracle Homes When the User is Locked
4.8.3
Cloning Oracle Homes
4.8.4
Using the sudo Command
5
Configuring Enterprise Manager for Firewalls
5.1
Considerations Before Configuring Your Firewall
5.2
Firewall Configurations for Enterprise Management Components
5.2.1
Firewalls Between Your Browser and the Grid Control Console
5.2.2
Configuring the Management Agent on a Host Protected by a Firewall
5.2.2.1
Configuring the Management Agent to Use a Proxy Server
5.2.2.2
Configuring the Firewall to Allow Incoming Communication From the Management Service
5.2.3
Configuring the Management Service on a Host Protected by a Firewall
5.2.3.1
Configuring the Management Service to Use a Proxy Server
5.2.3.2
About the dontProxyfor Property
5.2.3.3
Configuring the Firewall to Allow Incoming Management Data From the Management Agents
5.2.4
Firewalls Between the Management Service and the Management Repository
5.2.5
Firewalls Between the Grid Control and a Managed Database Target
5.2.6
Firewalls Used with Multiple Management Services
5.2.7
Configuring Firewalls to Allow ICMP and UDP Traffic for Beacons
5.2.8
Configuring Firewalls When Managing Oracle Application Server
5.3
Viewing a Summary of the Ports Assigned During the Application Server Installation
5.4
Checking and Configuring Firewall Settings for HTTP/HTTPS
6
Configuring Services
6.1
Summary of Service Management Tasks
6.2
Setting up the System
6.3
Creating a Service
6.4
Configuring a Service
6.4.1
Availability Definition
6.4.2
Performance Metrics
6.4.3
Usage Metrics
6.4.4
Service Tests and Beacons
6.4.4.1
Configuring the Beacons
6.4.5
Root Cause Analysis Configuration
6.4.5.1
Getting the Most From Root Cause Analysis
6.5
Recording Transactions
6.6
Monitoring Settings
6.7
Configuring Aggregate Services
6.8
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring
6.8.1
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Oracle HTTP Server Based on Apache 2.0 or Apache HTTP Server 2.0
6.8.1.1
Setting up the Third Party Apache Server
6.8.2
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Oracle Application Server Web Cache
6.8.2.1
Configuring Oracle Application Server Web Cache 10.1.2
6.8.2.2
Configuring Oracle Application Server Web Cache 9.0.4
6.8.2.3
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Earlier Versions of Oracle Application Server Web Cache
6.8.2.4
Configuring End-User Performance Monitoring Using Standalone Oracle Application Server Web Cache
6.8.3
Starting and Stopping End-User Performance Monitoring
6.8.4
Verifying and Troubleshooting End-User Performance Monitoring
6.8.5
Setting Up the Forms Application for End-User Performance Monitoring
6.8.5.1
Configuring Forms Server for End-User Performance Monitoring
6.8.5.2
Changing the Logging Format for OracleAS Web Cache
6.9
Configuring OC4J for Request Performance Diagnostics
6.9.1
Selecting OC4J Targets for Request Performance Diagnostics
6.9.2
Configuring Interactive Transaction Tracing
6.9.3
Configuring OC4J Tracing for Request Performance Data
6.9.4
Additional Configuration for Monitoring UIX Applications
6.10
Setting Up Monitoring Templates
6.10.1
Configuring Service Tests and Beacons
6.11
Configuring Service Levels
6.11.1
Defining Service Level Rules
6.11.2
Viewing Service Level Details
6.12
Configuring a Service Using the Command Line Interface
7
Locating and Configuring Enterprise Manager Log Files
7.1
Locating and Configuring Management Agent Log and Trace Files
7.1.1
About the Management Agent Log and Trace Files
7.1.2
Locating the Management Agent Log and Trace Files
7.1.3
About Management Agent Rollover Files
7.1.4
Controlling the Size and Number of Management Agent Log and Trace Files
7.1.5
Controlling the Contents of the Management Agent Trace File
7.1.6
Controlling the Size and Number of Fetchlet Log and Trace Files
7.1.7
Controlling the Contents of the Fetchlet Trace File
7.2
Locating and Configuring Management Service Log and Trace Files
7.2.1
About the Management Service Log and Trace Files
7.2.2
Locating the Management Service Log and Trace Files
7.2.3
Controlling the Size and Number of Management Service Log and Trace Files
7.2.4
Controlling the Contents of the Management Service Trace File
7.2.5
Controlling the Oracle Application Server Log Files
8
Maintaining and Troubleshooting the Management Repository
8.1
Management Repository Deployment Guidelines
8.2
Management Repository Data Retention Policies
8.2.1
Management Repository Default Aggregation and Purging Policies
8.2.2
Management Repository Default Aggregation and Purging Policies for Other Management Data
8.2.3
Modifying the Default Aggregation and Purging Policies
8.2.4
Modifying Data Retention Policies When Targets Are Deleted
8.3
Changing the SYSMAN Password
8.4
Dropping and Recreating the Management Repository
8.4.1
Dropping the Management Repository
8.4.2
Recreating the Management Repository
8.4.2.1
Using the RepManager Script to Create the Management Repository
8.4.2.2
Using a Connect Descriptor to Identify the Management Repository Database
8.5
Troubleshooting Management Repository Creation Errors
8.5.1
Package Body Does Not Exist Error While Creating the Management Repository
8.5.2
Server Connection Hung Error While Creating the Management Repository
8.5.3
General Troubleshooting Techniques for Creating the Management Repository
8.6
Improving the Login Performance of the Console Home Page
9
Sizing and Maximizing the Performance of Oracle Enterprise Manager
9.1
Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Architecture Overview
9.2
Enterprise Manager Grid Control Sizing and Performance Methodology
9.2.1
Step 1: Choosing a Starting Platform Grid Control Deployment
9.2.1.1
Network Topology Considerations
9.2.2
Step 2: Periodically Evaluate the Vital Signs of Your Site
9.2.3
Step 3: Use DBA and Enterprise Manager Tasks To Eliminate Bottlenecks Through Housekeeping
9.2.3.1
Online Weekly Tasks
9.2.3.2
Offline Monthly Tasks
9.2.4
Step 4: Eliminate Bottlenecks Through Tuning
9.2.4.1
High CPU Utilization
9.2.4.2
Loader Vital Signs
9.2.4.3
Rollup Vital Signs
9.2.4.4
Job, Notification, and Alert Vital Signs
9.2.4.5
I/O Vital Signs
9.2.4.6
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Performance Page
9.2.5
Step 5: Extrapolating Linearly Into the Future for Sizing Requirements
9.3
Oracle Enterprise Manager Backup, Recovery, and Disaster Recovery Considerations
9.3.1
Best Practices for Backup and Recovery
9.3.1.1
Oracle Management Service
9.3.1.2
Management Agent
9.3.2
Best Practice for Disaster Recovery (DR)
9.3.2.1
Management Repository
9.3.2.2
Oracle Management Service
9.3.2.3
Management Agent
9.4
Configuring Enterprise Manager for High Availability
9.4.1
Architectural Overview
9.4.2
Installation and Configuration for High Availability
9.4.2.1
Management Agent
9.4.2.2
Management Service
9.4.2.3
Management Repository
9.4.3
Configuration Within Grid Control
9.4.3.1
Console Warnings, Alerts, and Notifications
9.4.3.2
Configure Additional Error Reporting Mechanisms
9.4.3.3
Component Backup
9.4.3.4
Troubleshooting
10
Reconfiguring the Management Agent and Management Service
10.1
Reconfiguring the Oracle Management Agent
10.1.1
Configuring the Management Agent to Use a New Management Service
10.1.2
Changing the Management Agent Port
10.1.3
Controlling the Amount of Disk Space Used by the Management Agent
10.1.4
About the Management Agent Watchdog Process
10.1.5
Setting the Management Agent Time Zone
10.1.5.1
Understanding How the Management Agent Obtains Time Zone Information
10.1.5.2
Resetting the Time Zone of the Management Agent Due to Inconsistency of Time Zones
10.1.5.3
Troubleshooting Management Agent Time Zone Problems
10.1.5.4
Troubleshooting Management Service Time Zone Problems
10.1.6
Adding Trust Points to the Management Agent Configuration
10.2
Reconfiguring the Oracle Management Service
10.2.1
Configuring the Management Service to Use a New Management Repository
10.2.1.1
Changing the Repository Properties in the emoms.properties File
10.2.1.2
About Changing the Repository Password
10.2.2
Configuring the Management Service to Use a New Port
10.2.3
Configuring the Management Service to Prompt You When Using Execute Commands
11
Migrating from Previous Versions of Enterprise Manager
11.1
Overview of the Enterprise Manager Migration Process
11.2
Requirements for Migrating from Previous Versions of Enterprise Manager
11.3
The Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Migration Process
11.3.1
Deploying and Configuring Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Management Agents
11.3.1.1
Deploying the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Management Agents Using the Release 2.2, Release 9.0.1, or Release 9.2 Job System
11.3.1.2
Configuring the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Management Agents for Use with the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10
g
Job System (UNIX Systems Only)
11.3.2
Migrating Management Repository Data
11.4
Configuring Metric Thresholds
11.4.1
Copying Metric Thresholds to Multiple Targets
12
Configuring Notifications
12.1
Setting Up Notifications
12.1.1
Setting Up a Mail Server for Notifications
12.1.2
Setting Up E-mail for Yourself
12.1.2.1
Defining E-mail Addresses
12.1.2.2
Setting Up a Notification Schedule
12.1.2.3
Subscribe to Receive E-mail for Notification Rules
12.1.3
Setting Up E-mail for Other Administrators
12.2
Extending Notification Beyond E-mail
12.2.1
Custom Notification Methods Using Scripts and SNMP Traps
12.2.1.1
Adding a Notification Method based on an OS Command or Script
12.2.1.2
Adding a Notification Method Based on a PL/SQL Procedure
12.2.1.3
Adding a Notification Method Based on an SNMP Trap
12.3
Passing Corrective Action Status Change Information
12.3.1
Passing Corrective Action Execution Status to an OS Command or Script
12.3.2
Passing Corrective Action Execution Status to a PLSQL Procedure
12.4
Passing Job Execution Status Information
12.4.1
Passing Job Execution Status to a PLSQL Procedure
12.4.2
Passing Job Execution Status to an OS Command or Script
12.5
Assigning Methods to Rules
12.6
Assigning Rules to Methods
12.7
Management Information Base (MIB)
12.7.1
About MIBs
12.7.2
Reading the MIB Variable Descriptions
12.7.2.1
Variable Name
12.7.2.2
MIB Definition
12.8
Troubleshooting Notifications
12.8.1
General Setup
12.8.2
Notification System Errors
12.8.3
Notification System Trace Messages
12.8.4
E-mail Errors
12.8.5
OS Command Errors
12.8.6
SNMP Trap Errors
12.8.7
PL/SQL Errors
13
User-Defined Metrics
13.1
Extending Monitoring Capability
13.2
Creating OS-Based User-Defined Metrics
13.2.1
Create Your OS Monitoring Script
13.2.1.1
Code to check the status of monitored objects
13.2.1.2
Code to return script results to Enterprise Manager
13.2.1.3
Script Runtime Environment
13.2.2
Register the Script as a User-Defined Metric
13.2.3
OS-Based User-Defined Metric Example
13.3
Creating a SQL-Based User-Defined Metric
13.3.1
SQL-Based User-Defined Metric Examples
13.3.1.1
Example 1: Query Returning Tablespace Name and Percent Used
13.3.1.2
Example 2: Query Returning Segment Name/Type and Extent Count
13.4
Notifications, Corrective Actions, and Monitoring Templates
13.4.1
Getting Notifications for User-Defined Metrics
13.4.2
Setting Corrective Actions for User-Defined Metrics
13.4.3
Deploying User-Defined Metrics across many targets using Monitoring Templates
14
Additional Configuration Tasks
14.1
Understanding Default and Custom Data Collections
14.1.1
How Enterprise Manager Stores Default Collection Information
14.1.2
Restoring Default Collection Settings
14.2
Enabling Multi-Inventory Support for Configuration Management
14.2.1
AGENT_HOME Versus AGENT_STATE Directories
14.3
Manually Configuring a Database Target for Complete Monitoring
14.4
Modifying the Default Login Timeout Value
14.5
Configuring Clusters and Cluster Databases in Grid Control
14.5.1
Configuring Clusters
14.5.2
Configuring Cluster Databases
14.5.3
Discovering Instances Added to the Cluster Database
14.5.3.1
Troubleshooting
14.6
Collecting Client Configurations
14.6.1
Configuring the Client System Analyzer
14.6.1.1
Client System Analyzer in Oracle Grid Control
14.6.1.2
Deploying Client System Analyzer Independently
14.6.2
Configuration Parameters
14.6.2.1
Associating the Parameters with an Application
14.6.3
Rules
14.6.4
Customization
14.6.5
CSA Deployment Examples
14.6.5.1
Using Multiple Collection Tags
14.6.5.2
Privilege Model for Viewing Client Configurations
14.6.5.3
Using the Customization API Example
14.6.5.4
Using the CSA Servlet Filter Example
14.6.5.5
Sample Deployments
Index
