 Options |
-
Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on
the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying
the option again with a different effect.
-
Animate options can appear on the command line or in your X resources
file. See X(1). Options on the command line supersede values specified
in your X resources file.
 -backdrop |
-
display the image centered on a backdrop.
-
This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding
other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop
is specified as the background color. Refer to X Resources
for details.
| -cache
threshold |
-
megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache.
-
Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory have been
consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk. Operations to
memory are significantly faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient
amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value.
| -colormap
type |
-
the type of colormap: Shared or Private.
-
This option only applies when the default X server visual is PseudoColor
or GRAYScale. Refer to -visual for more details. By default,
a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients.
Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look
very different than intended. Choose Private and the image colors
appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go technicolor
when the image colormap is installed.
| -colors
value |
-
preferred number of colors in the image.
-
The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less
unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or
unused colors removed. Refer to quantize for
more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
affect the color reduction algorithm.
| -colorspace
value |
-
the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB,
Transparent,
XYZ,
YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr,
YUV, or CMYK.
-
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical
evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space.
These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image.
Refer to quantize for more details.
The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves
the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
option to take effect.
| -crop
<width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x
offset>{+-}<y offset> |
-
preferred size and location of the cropped image. See X(1) for details
about the geometry specification.
-
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. For example
to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use -crop
10%.
-
Use cropping to apply image processing options to, or display, a particular
area of an image.
-
Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform
size.
-
Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use -crop 0x0
to trim edges that are the background color. Add an x and y offset to leave
a portion of the trimmed edges with the image.
-
The equivalent X resource for this option is
cropGeometry (class
CropGeometry).
See X Resources for details.
| -delay
<1/100ths
of a second> |
-
display the next image after pausing.
This option is useful for regulating the animation of GIF images
within Netscape.. 1/100ths of a second must expire before the display
of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the
image sequence. The maximum delay is 65535.
You can specify a delay range (e.g. -delay 10-500) which sets the
minimum and maximum delay.
| -density
<width>x<height> |
-
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.
-
This option specifies an image density when decoding a PostScript
or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal
and vertical direction.
| -display
host:display[.screen] |
-
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
| -dither |
-
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
-
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial
resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels.
Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be
improved with this option.
-
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option
to take effect.
-
Use +dither to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing.
| -gamma
value |
-
level of gamma correction.
-
The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different
due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust
for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 0.8 to
2.3.
-
You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels
of the image with a gamma value list delineated with commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).
-
Use +gamma to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting
the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma
but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).
| -geometry
<width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x
offset>{+-}<yoffset>{!}{<}{>} |
-
preferred size and location of the Image window. See
X(1) for details
about the geometry specification. By default, the window size is the image
size and the location is chosen by you when it is mapped.
-
By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image
is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining
the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometry
to force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example,
if you specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and
height to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and height
assume the value.
-
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. The
image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain
the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value
greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage
less than 100.
Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if
its size exceeds the geometry specification. < resizes the image
only
if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For example,
if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512, the image
size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized
to 640x480.
-
When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset> and <y offset>
is relative to the root window.
-
The equivalent X resource for this option is geometry (class Geometry).
See X Resources for details.
| -interlace
type |
-
the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane,
or Partition. The default is None.
-
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
formats such as RGB or YUV. None means do not interlace
(RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...),
and Plane uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).
Partition
is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files
(e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).
-
Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or
progressive
JPEG image.
| -map
type |
-
display image using this Standard Colormap type.
-
Choose from these Standard Colormap types:
best
default
gray
red
green
blue
-
The X server must support the Standard Colormap you choose,
otherwise an error occurs. Use list as the type and display
searches the list of colormap types in top-to-bottom order until
one is located. See xstdcmap(1) for one way of creating Standard
Colormaps.
| -monochrome |
-
transform the image to black and white.
| -remote
string |
-
execute a command in a remote display process.
-
The only command recognized at this time is the name of an image file to
load.
| -rotate
degrees{<}{>} |
-
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
-
Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height.
< rotates the image only if its width is less than the
height. For example, if you specify -90> and the image size is
480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However, if the
image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.
-
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color
defined as bordercolor (class
borderColor). See X(1)
for details.
| -scene
value |
-
image scene number.
-
Use this option to specify an image sequence with a single filename. See
the discussion of file below for details.
| -size
<width>x<height>{+offset} |
-
width and height of the image.
-
Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions
are unknown such as GRAY,
RGB, or CMYK. In addition
to width and height, use
-size to skip any header information in
the image or tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.
-size 640x512+256).
| -title
string |
-
assign a title to the displayed image.
-
Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This is assigned
to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.
Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or
other image attribute by embedding special format characters:
%b file size
%c comment
%d directory
%e filename extention
%f filename
%h height
%i input filename
%l label
%m magick
%n number of scenes
%o output filename
%p page number
%q quantum depth
%s scene number
%t top of filename
%u unique temporary filename
%w width
%x x resolution
%y y resolution
\\n newline
\\r carriage return
For example,
-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
-
produces an image title of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
| -treedepth
value |
-
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells display
to choose an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.
-
An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.
However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure
the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter.
Refer to quantize for more details.
-
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option
to take effect.
| -verbose |
-
print detailed information about the image.
-
This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
the image class (DirectClass or PseudoClass); the total number
of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image.
Refer to miff for a description of the image class.
-
If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors in the image
and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to quantize
for a description of these values.
| -visual
type |
-
display image using this visual type.
-
Choose from these visual classes:
StaticGray
GrayScale
StaticColor
PseudoColor
TrueColor
DirectColor
default
visual id
-
The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error
occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display
the most simultaneous colors on the default X server screen is chosen.
| -window
id |
-
set the background pixmap of this window to the image.
-
id can be a window id or name. Specify root to select X's
root window as the target window.
-
By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window.
If -backdrop or -geometry are specified, the image is surrounded
by the background color. Refer to X Resources for details.
-
The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
colors than the target window colormap allows. Use -colors to reduce
the number of colors.
-
In addition to those listed above, you can specify these standard X resources
as command line options: -background,
-bordercolor, -borderwidth,
-font,
-foreground,
-iconGeometry, -iconic,
-mattecolor,
-name, or -title. See
X Resources for details.
-
Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect.
For example, to animate two images, the first with 32 colors and the second
with only 16 colors, use:
animate -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2
-
By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specify
a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name
and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
(i.e. image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid image formats.
-
When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special
meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or
root. If no filename
is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired
window.
-
Specify file as - for standard input, If file has the extension
.Z
or .gz, the file is uncompressed with
uncompress or gunzip
respectively. Precede the image file name with | to pipe from a system
command.
-
Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify
a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g.
img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A subimage
specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images,
specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).
-
Single images are read with the filename you specify. Alternatively, you
can animate an image sequence with a single filename. Define the range
of the image sequence with -scene. Each image in the range is read
with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number.
You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format specification
in the file name. For example,
-scene 0-9 image%02d.miff
animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through image09.miff.
Image filenames may appear in any order on the command line if the image
format is MIFF (refer to miff(5) and the
scene keyword
is specified in the image. Otherwise the images will display in the order
they appear on the command line.
Image manipulation software that works like magic.