Index

A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V W X

A

abbreviations permitted, 2.2.1

abnormal termination

automatic rollback, F.8

active set, 5.4

changing, 5.4.2, 5.4.3

definition, 5.4

when empty, 5.4.3

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.5

ALLOCATE statement, F.4

use with ROWID, 4.7

allocating

cursors, F.4

thread context, 12.4.2.3, F.10

allocating cursor variables, 6.10.2

ALTER AUTHORIZATION

changing password, 3.2.4

ANSI dynamic SQL, A.2.5

B

batch fetch, 7.4.1

example, 7.4.1

number of rows returned, 7.4.3

BFILES

definition, 13.1.2

bind descriptor, 11.2.1

bind descriptors

information in, 9.13.2

bind SQLDA, 11.1.3

bind variables, 9.13.1

binding host variables, 9.5

BNDDFCLP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDFCRCP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDFMT variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDH-CUR-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDH-MAX-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDH-VNAME variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDI variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDI-CUR-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDI-MAX-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDI-VNAME variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDV variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDVLN variable (SQLDA), 11.3

BNDDVTYP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

C

CALL SQL statement, 6.8.2.2

CALL statement, A.2.2, F.6

example, 6.8.2.3

case-insensitivity, 2.2.2

CHAR datatypes

external, 4.1.2.1

character host variables

as output variables, 4.6.3.2

handling, 4.6

server handling, 4.6.3.2

types, 4.6

character sets

multibyte, 4.9

character strings

multibyte, 4.9.2

CHARF datatype specifier, 4.12.3

using in VAR statement, 4.12.3, 4.12.3

CHARF datatypes

external, 4.1.2.2

CHARZ datatype

external, 4.1.2.3

CLOSE command

examples, F.7

CLOSE statement, F.7

example, 5.4.4

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.17

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT

precompiler option, 3.6.2, 5.4.1

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT precompiler option, 14.7.4

closing

cursors, F.7

COBOL datatypes, additional, A.3.2

COBOL versions supported, 2.2.3, B.1.1

COBOL-74, B.1.1

COBOL-85, B.1.1

code page, 4.8

coding area

for paragraph names, 2.2.22

coding conventions, 2.2

column list, 5.3.3

COMMENT clause

of COMMIT statement, F.8

comments

ANSI SQL-style, 2.2.6

C-style, 2.2.6

embedded SQL statements, 2.2.6

in embedded SQL, 2.2.6

comments in dynamic PL/SQL blocks, 9.16.5

commit, 3.4

automatic, 3.5

explicit versus implicit, 3.5

COMMIT statement, 3.6, F.8

effects, 3.6

ending a transaction, F.52

example, 3.6

examples, F.8

RELEASE option, 3.6

using in a PL/SQL block, 3.14.3

where to place, 3.6

committing

transactions, F.8

compilation, 2.7

composite types, 11.4.3

concurrency, 3.3

concurrent logons, 3.2.1

conditional precompilation, 2.5

defining symbols, 2.5.2

example, 2.5.1

CONFIG precompiler option, 14.7.4, 14.7.5

configuration file

system versus user, 14.7.5

configuration file name, A.4.1

CONNECT statement, F.9

AT clause, 3.2.2.1

enabling a semantic check, E.3.1.1

examples, F.9

logging on to Oracle, 3.1

placement, 3.1

requirements, 3.1

USING clause, 3.2.2.1

when not required, 3.2.3.1

connecting to Oracle, 3.1

automatically, 3.2.3

concurrently, 3.2.1

example of, 3.1

via Oracle Net, 3.2.1

connections

default versus non-default, 3.2.1

implicit, 3.2.6

naming, 3.2.2

CONTEXT ALLOCATE statement, 12.4.2.3, F.10, F.10

CONTEXT FREE statement, 12.4.2.5, F.11

CONTEXT USE directive, 12.4.2.4

CONTEXT USE SQL directive, F.12

CONTEXT USE SQL statement, 12.4.2.4

continuation lines

syntax, 2.2.7

CONTINUE action

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.6, 8.3.8.6, F.58

CONVBUFSZ clause, A.4.6

CONVBUFSZ clause in VAR statement, 4.12.2.1

CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 6.8.1

creating

savepoints, F.53

CURRENT OF clause, 5.4.5, 7.3.5

example, 5.4.5

mimicking with ROWID, 3.12, 7.11

restrictions, 5.4.6

current row, 5.4

CURRVAL pseudocolumn, 4.1.2.23

cursor cache, 8.4.4

gathering statistics about, 8.4.5.11

purpose, 8.4, D.8.2.1

cursor variables, 6.10, F.4

advantages, 6.10

allocating, 6.10.2

closing, 6.10.5

declaring, 6.10.1

fetching from, 6.10.4

heap memory usage, 6.10.2

opening

anonymous block, 6.10.3.2

stored procedure, 6.10.3.1

restrictions, 6.10.7

scope, 6.10.1

cursors, 5.4

allocating, F.4

association with query, 5.4

closing, F.7

declaring, 5.4.1

effects on performance, D.8.1

explicit versus implicit, 5.4

fetching rows from, F.26, F.27

naming, 5.4.1

opening, F.49, F.50

reopening, 5.4.2, 5.4.3

restricted scope of, 2.6.2

restrictions, 5.4.1

scope, 5.4.1

using for multirow queries, 5.4

using more than one, 5.4.1

when closed automatically, 5.4.4

D

data definition language (DDL)

description, 5.1.1

embedded, 14.7.28

data integrity, 3.3

data lock, 3.3

database links

using in DELETE statement, F.18

using in INSERT statement, F.30

using in UPDATE statement, F.56

datatype

internal versus external, 2.1.7

datatype conversion

between internal and external types, 4.11

datatype equivalencing

advantages, 4.12.1

example, 4.12.2.2

guidelines, 4.12.4

datatypes

ANSI DATE, 4.2

coercing NUMBER to VARCHAR2, 11.4.3

conversions, 4.10

dealing with Oracle internal, 11.4.3

descriptor codes, 11.4.3

equivalencing

description, 4.12

example, 4.12.2

internal, 11.4.2

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 4.2

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 4.2

need to coerce, 11.4.3

PL/SQL equivalents, 11.4.3

TIMESTAMP, 4.2

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 4.2

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 4.2

when to reset, 11.4.3

DATE datatype

converting, 4.11

default format, 4.11

DATE String Format

explicit control over, 4.11

DATE, ANSI

datatype, 4.2

DATE_FORMAT precompiler option, 14.7.6

DB2 compatibility features, A.3

DBMS precompiler option, 14.7.7

DDL, 14.7.28

DDL (Data Definition Language), 5.1.1

deadlock, 3.3

effect on transactions, 3.7.1

how broken, 3.7.1

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.13

DECIMAL datatype, 4.1.2.5

Decimal-Point is Comma, A.2.12

declaration

cursor, 5.4.1

host variable, 2.1.6

declarative SQL statement, 2.1.2.1

using in transactions, 3.5

declarative statements

also known as directives, 2.1.2.1

DECLARE CURSOR directive, F.14

example, 5.4.1

examples, F.14

DECLARE CURSOR statement

AT clause, 3.2.2.1

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.7

where to place, 5.4.1

DECLARE DATABASE directive, F.15

Declare Section

allowable statements, 2.3.1

example, 2.3.1.1

purpose, 2.3.1

requirements, 2.3.1

rules for defining, 2.3.1

using more than one, 2.3.2

declare section

defining usernames and passwords, 3.1

DECLARE SECTION is optional, A.3.1

DECLARE statement

using in dynamic SQL method 3, 9.11.2

DECLARE STATEMENT directive, F.16

examples, F.16

scope of, F.16

DECLARE STATEMENT statement

AT clause, 3.2.2.1

example, 9.14

using in dynamic SQL, 9.14

when required, 9.14

DECLARE TABLE directive, F.17

examples, F.17

DECLARE TABLE directives

using with the SQLCHECK option, E.3.1.2

DECLARE_SECTION precompiler option, 14.7.8

declaring

cursor variables, 6.10.1

host tables, 7.3.1

indicator variables, 4.4.2

ORACA, 8.4.2

SQLCA, 8.3.2

SQLDA, 11.2.3

VARCHAR variables, 4.5.1

default

error handling, 8.3.8

setting of LITDELIM option, 2.2.10, 14.7.20

setting of ORACA option, 8.4.3

default connection, 3.2.1

DEFINE precompiler option, 14.7.9

DELETE statement, F.18

embedded SQL examples, F.18

example, 5.3.6

restrictions with tables, 7.7.1

using host tables, 7.7

WHERE clause, 5.3.6

DEPENDING ON clause, 7.3.1.1

DEPT table, 2.8

DESCRIBE BIND VARIABLES statement

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.8

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.20

DESCRIBE SELECT LIST statement

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.12

DESCRIBE statement, F.19

example, F.19

use with PREPARE statement, F.19

using in dynamic SQL method 4, 9.13.1

descriptor

naming, F.19

descriptors

bind descriptor, 11.2.1

purpose, 11.2.1

select descriptor, 11.2.1

SQLADR subroutine, 11.1.3

dimension of host tables, 7.3.1.1

directives

also known as declarative statements, 2.1.2.1

directory path

INCLUDE files, 2.3.3.2

DISPLAY datatype, 4.1.2.6

distributed processing, 3.2.1

DML returning clause, 5.3.3, 5.3.3, A.2.7

DNSTIAR subprogram, A.3.8

DO CALL, A.2.11

DO CALL action

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.9.1, 8.3.9.2, F.58

DO PERFORM action

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.8, F.58

DSNTIAR

DB2 compatible feature, 8.3.7

DSNTIAR routine, 8.3.7

DYNAMIC option

effect on functionality, 10.5

dynamic PL/SQL, 9.16

dynamic SQL

advantages and disadvantages, 9.2

choosing the right method, 9.6.5

guidelines, 9.6.5

overview, 2.1.4, 9.1

restrictions, 14.7.28

using PL/SQL, 6.8.3

using the AT clause, 3.2.2.1

when useful, 9.3

dynamic SQL (ANSI)

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, 10.6.1

basics, 10.1

bulk operations, 10.4.2

CLOSE CURSOR statement, 10.6.13

compared to Oracle dynamic SQL method 4, 10

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, 10.6.2

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR statement, 10.6.6

differences from Oracle dynamic SQL, 10.6.14

EXECUTE statement, 10.6.8

FETCH statement, 10.6.12

GET DESCRIPTOR statement, 10.6.3

OPEN statement, 10.6.11

Oracle extensions, 10.4

overview, 10.2

precompiler options, 10.1.1, 10.5

reference semantics, 10.4.1

restrictions, 10.6.15

sample programs, 10.7

SAMPLE12.PCO, 10.7

SET DESCRIPTOR statement, 10.6.4

use of DECLARE CURSOR, 10.6.10

use of EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement, 10.6.9

use of PREPARE statement, 10.6.5

when to use, 10

dynamic SQL method 1

commands, 9.6.1

description, 9.7.1

example, 9.7.2

requirements, 9.6.1

using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, 9.7.1

using PL/SQL, 9.16.1

dynamic SQL method 2

commands, 9.6.2

description, 9.9

requirements, 9.6.2

using PL/SQL, 9.16.2

using the DECLARE STATEMENT statement, 9.14

using the EXECUTE statement, 9.9

using the PREPARE statement, 9.9

dynamic SQL method 3

commands, 9.6.3

compared to method 2, 9.11

requirements, 9.6.3

using PL/SQL, 9.16.3

using the DECLARE statement, 9.11.2

using the DECLARE STATEMENT statement, 9.14

using the FETCH statement, 9.11.4

using the OPEN statement, 9.11.3

using the PREPARE statement, 9.11.1

dynamic SQL method 4

CLOSE statement, 11.6.17

DECLARE CURSOR statement, 11.6.7

DESCRIBE statement, 11.6.8, 11.6.12

external datatypes, 11.4.2

FETCH statement, 11.6.15

internal datatypes, 11.4.2

OPEN statement, 11.6.11

PREPARE statement, 11.6.6

prerequisites, 11.4

purpose of descriptors, 11.2.1

requirements, 9.6.4, 11.1.1

sequence of statements used, 11.6

SQLDA, 11.2

steps for, 11.5

using descriptors, 9.13

using PL/SQL, 9.16.4

using the DECLARE STATEMENT statement, 9.14

using the DESCRIBE statement, 9.13.1

using the FOR clause, 9.15

using the SQLDA, 9.13.1

when needed, 9.13

dynamic SQL statement, 9.1

binding of host variables, 9.5

how processed, 9.5

requirements, 9.4

using host tables, 9.15

versus static SQL statement, 9.1

E

embedded DDL, 14.7.28

embedded PL/SQL

advantages, 6.2.1

cursor FOR loop, 6.2.3

example, 6.4.1, 6.4.2

host variables, 6.1.1

indicator variables, 6.1.3

multibyte Globalization Support features, 4.9.1

need for SQLCHECK option, 6.3

need for USERID option, 6.3

overview, 2.1.5

package, 6.2.5

PL/SQL table, 6.2.6

requirements, 6.1

subprogram, 6.2.4

support for SQL, 2.1.5

user-defined record, 6.2.7

using %TYPE, 6.2.2

using the VARCHAR pseudotype, 6.4.3

using to improve performance, D.4

VARCHAR variables, 6.1.2

where allowed, 6.1, 6.3

embedded SQL

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.5

ALLOCATE statement, 4.7, 6.10.2, F.4

CALL statement, 6.8.2.2, F.6

CLOSE statement, 5.4.4, 6.10.5, F.7

COMMIT statement, F.8

CONNECT statement, F.9

CONTEXT ALLOCATE statement, 12.4.2.3, F.10

CONTEXT FREE statement, 12.4.2.5, F.11

CONTEXT USE directive, F.12

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.13

DECLARE [CURSOR] directive, 5.4.1

DECLARE CURSOR directive, F.14

DECLARE DATABASE directive, F.15

DECLARE STATEMENT directive, F.16

DECLARE TABLE directive, F.17

DELETE statement, 5.3.6, F.18

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR statement, F.20

DESCRIBE statement, F.19

ENABLE THREADS statement, 12.4.2.2

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement, F.25

EXECUTE statement, F.23

EXECUTE...END-EXEC statement, F.22

FETCH DESCRIPTOR statement, F.27

FETCH statement, 5.4.3, 6.10.4, F.26, F.27

FREE statement, 6.10.6, F.28

GET DESCRIPTOR statement, F.29

INSERT statement, 5.3.2, 7.5, F.30

key concepts, 2.1

OPEN DESCRIPTOR statement, F.50

OPEN statement, 5.4.2, F.49, F.49, F.50

PREPARE statement, F.51

ROLLBACK statement, F.52

SAVEPOINT statement, 3.8, F.53

SELECT statement, 5.3.1, 7.4, F.54

SET DESCRIPTOR statement, F.55

SET TRANSACTION statement, 3.10

UPDATE statement, 5.3.5, F.56

VAR directive, F.57

versus interactive SQL, 2.1.3

when to use, 1.3

WHENEVER directive, F.58

embedded SQL statements

associating paragraph names with, 2.2.22

comments, 2.2.6

continuation, 2.2.7

figurative constants, 2.2.13

mixing with host-language statements, 2.1.3

referencing host tables, 7.3.2

referencing host variables, 4.3.2

referencing indicator variables, 4.4.3

requirements, 2.2.12

summary, F.1

syntax, 2.1.3, 2.2.12

terminator, 2.2.25

embedding

PL/SQL blocks in Oracle7 precompiler programs, F.22

EMP table, 2.8

ENABLE THREADS SQL statement, F.21

ENABLE THREADS statement, 12.4.2.2

enabling

threads, 12.4.2.2

encoding scheme, 4.8

END_OF_FETCH precompiler option, 14.7.11, 14.7.11

END-OF_FETCH clause, A.3.5

equivalencing

host variable equivalencing, F.57

equivalencing datatypes, 4.12

error detection

error reporting, F.58

error handling

alternatives, 8.2

benefits, 8.1

default, 8.3.8

overview, 2.1.9

using status variables

SQLCA, 8.2.1, 8.3

using the ROLLBACK statement, 3.7

using the SQLGLS routine, 8.3.10

error message text

SQLGLM subroutine, 8.3.6

error messages

maximum length, 8.3.6

error reporting

error message text, 8.3.3.5

key components of, 8.3.3

parse error offset, 8.3.3.4

rows-processed count, 8.3.3.3

status codes, 8.3.3.1

warning flags, 8.3.3.2

WHENEVER directive, F.58

ERRORS precompiler option, 14.7.12

exception, PL/SQL, 6.5.1

EXEC ORACLE DEFINE statement, 2.5

EXEC ORACLE ELSE statement, 2.5

EXEC ORACLE ENDIF statement, 2.5

EXEC ORACLE IFDEF statement, 2.5

EXEC ORACLE IFNDEF statement, 2.5

EXEC ORACLE statement

scope of, 14.4.2.2

syntax for, 14.4.2

uses for, 14.4.2.1

using to enter options inline, 14.4.2

EXEC SQL clause, 2.1.3, 2.2.12

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement, F.25

AT clause, 3.2.2.1

examples, F.25

using in dynamic SQL Method 1, 9.7.1

EXECUTE optional keyword of ARRAYLEN statement, 6.6.1.1

EXECUTE statement, F.23, F.23

examples, F.22, F.23

using in dynamic SQL Method 2, 9.9

EXECUTE...END-EXEC statement, F.22

execution plan, D.5

EXPLAIN PLAN statement

using to improve performance, D.5.1.1

explicit logon

single, 3.2.2.1

explicit logons, 3.2.2

external datatypes

CHAR, 4.1.2.1

CHARF, 4.1.2.2

CHARZ, 4.1.2.3

DECIMAL, 4.1.2.5

definition, 2.1.7

DISPLAY, 4.1.2.6

dynamic SQL method 4, 11.4.2

FLOAT, 4.1.2.7

INTEGER, 4.1.2.8

LONG, 4.1.2.9

LONG RAW, 4.1.2.10

LONG VARCHAR, 4.1.2.11

LONG VARRAW, 4.1.2.12

parameters, 4.12.2

RAW, 4.1.2.15

STRING, 4.1.2.17

table of, 4.1.2

UNSIGNED, 4.1.2.18

VARCHAR, 4.1.2.19

VARCHAR2, 4.1.2.20

VARNUM, 4.1.2.21

VARRAW, 4.1.2.22

F

features

new, Preface

FETCH SQL statement, F.27, F.27

FETCH statement, 5.4.3, 5.4.3, F.26

cursor variable, 6.10.4

example, 5.4.3

examples, F.26

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.15

INTO clause, 5.4.3

used after OPEN statement, F.49, F.50

using in dynamic SQL method 3, 9.11.4

fetch, batch, 7.4.1

fetching

rows from cursors, F.26, F.27

figurative constants

embedded SQL statements, 2.2.13

file extension

for INCLUDE files, 2.3.3.1

file length limit, 2.2.14

FILLER support, A.4.4

FIPS flagger

warns of array usage, 7.3.6

FIPS precompiler option, 14.7.13

flags, 8.3.3.2

FLOAT datatype, 4.1.2.7

FOR clause, 7.9

example, 7.9

of embedded SQL EXECUTE statement, F.23, F.24

of embedded SQL INSERT statement, F.30

restrictions, 7.9.1

using with host tables, 7.9

FOR UPDATE OF clause, 3.11.1

FORCE clause

of COMMIT statement, F.8

of ROLLBACK statement, F.52

format mask, 4.11

FORMAT precompiler option, 14.7.14

purpose, 2.2.4

formats of COBOL statements

ANSI, 2.2.4

TERMINAL, 2.2.4

forward reference, 5.4.1

FREE statement, F.28, F.28

freeing

thread context, 12.4.2.5, F.11

full scan, D.6

G

GET DESCRIPTOR statement, F.29

Globalization Support, 4.8, 4.8, 14.7.28, A.1.1

multibyte character strings, 4.9

Globalization Support parameter

NLS_LANG, 4.8

GOTO action

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.9, F.58

group items

allowed as host variables, 4.3.2.1

implicit VARCHAR, 4.5.2

Group Items as host variables, A.3.3

guidelines

datatype equivalencing, 4.12.4

dynamic SQL, 9.6.5

separate precompilation, 2.6.1

transaction, 3.14.1

H

HEADERS, optional, A.2.13

heap, 8.4.4

heap memory

allocating cursor variables, 6.10.2

heap tables, 4.7

hint, optimizer, D.5.1

hints

in DELETE statements, F.18

in SELECT statements, F.54

in UPDATE statements, F.56

HOLD_CURSOR option

of ORACLE Precompilers, F.7

using to improve performance, D.8.2.4

what it affects, D.8

HOLD_CURSOR precompiler option, 14.7.15

host language, 2.1.2

HOST precompiler option, 14.7.16

host programs, 2.1.2

host table elements

maximum, 7.3.1.1

host table example, 7.4.7

host tables, 7.1

advantages, 7.2

declaring, 7.3.1

dimensioning, 7.3.1.1

multi-dimensional, 7.3.1.1

operations on, 2.1.8

referencing, 7.3.2

restrictions, 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.1, 7.4.4, 7.5.1, 7.7.1

restrictions on, 7.3.5

support for, 4.3.1.1

using in dynamic SQL statements, 9.15

using in the DELETE statement, 7.7

using in the INSERT statement, 7.5

using in the SELECT statement, 7.4

using in the UPDATE statement, 7.6

using in the WHERE clause, 7.10

using the FOR clause, 7.9

using to improve performance, D.3

variable-length, 7.3.1.1

host variables, 5.1

assigning a value, 2.1.6

declaring, 2.2.1, 2.3.1

declaring and naming, B.1.2

definition, 2.2.16

host variable equivalencing, F.57

in EXECUTE statement, F.23

in OPEN statement, F.49

initializing, 4.3.1.2

length up to 30 characters, 2.1.6

naming, 2.1.6, 4.3.2, 4.3.2.2

overview, 2.1.6

referencing, 2.1.6, 4.3.2

requirements, 2.1.6

restrictions, 2.2.17, 4.3.2.2

using in PL/SQL, 6.4

where allowed, 2.1.6

with PL/SQL, 6.1.1

hyphenation

of host variable names, 2.2.17

I

identifiers, ORACLE

how to form, F.3.6

implicit logons, 3.2.6

implicit VARCHAR, 4.5.2

IN OUT parameter mode, 6.2.4.1

IN parameter mode, 6.2.4.1

INAME option

when a file extension is required, 14.1

INAME precompiler option, 14.7.17

INCLUDE precompiler option, 14.7.18

INCLUDE statement

case-sensitive operating systems, 2.3.3.2

declaring the ORACA, 8.4.2

declaring the SQLCA, 8.3.2

declaring the SQLDA, 11.2.3

effect of, 2.3.3

INCLUDE statements, B.1.3

index

using to improve performance, D.6

index-organized table, 4.7

indicator table, 7.1

indicator tables

example, 7.3.3

purpose, 7.3.3

indicator variable

using to handle NULLs, 5.2.3, 5.2.4

indicator variables, 5.2

assigning values to, 4.4.1.2

association with host variables, 4.4, 4.4.1

declaring, 2.2.1, 4.4.2

function, 4.4

function of, 4.4.1

interpreting value, 5.2.2

NULLs, 6.1.3.1

referencing, 4.4.3

required size, 4.4.2

truncated values, 6.1.3.2

used with multibyte character strings, 4.9.5

using in PL/SQL, 6.5

using to detect NULLs, 4.4.2

using to detect truncated values, 4.4.2

using to test for NULLs, 5.2.6

with PL/SQL, 6.1.3

in-doubt transaction, 3.13

input host variable

restrictions, 5.1.1

where allowed, 5.1.1

INSERT statement, F.30

column list, 5.3.3

example, 5.3.2

INTO clause, 5.3.3

using host tables, 7.5

VALUES clause, 5.3.3

inserting

rows into tables and views, F.30

INTEGER datatype, 4.1.2.8

internal datatype

definition, 2.1.7

internal datatypes

dynamic SQL method 4, 11.4.2

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, Preface, A.1.2

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND datatype, 4.2

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, Preface, A.1.2

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 4.2

INTO clause, 5.1.1, 6.10.4

FETCH statement, 5.4.3

INSERT statement, 5.3.3

of FETCH statement, F.26, F.27

of SELECT statement, F.54

SELECT statement, 5.3.1

IRECLEN precompiler option, 14.7.19

IS NULL operator

for testing NULL values, 2.2.21

J

Java methods

calling from Pro*COBOL, 6.8

Java stored procedures, A.2.3

L

language support, 1.1.1

LEVEL pseudocolumns, 4.1.2.23

line continuation, 2.2.7

linking, 2.7

LITDELIM option

purpose, 14.7.20

LITDELIM precompiler option, 2.2.10, 14.7.20

LNAME precompiler option, 14.7.21

LOB and precompiler datatypes, 13.4.15

LOB APPEND statement, F.31

LOB ASSIGN statement, F.32

LOB CLOSE statement, F.33

LOB COPY statement, F.34

LOB CREATE statement, F.35

LOB DESCRIBE statement, F.36

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING statement, F.37

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING statement, F.38

LOB ERASE statement, F.39

LOB FILE CLOSE statement, F.40

LOB FILE SET statement, F.41

LOB FLUSH BUFFER statement, F.42

LOB FREE TEMPORARY, F.43

LOB LOAD statement, F.44

LOB OPEN statement, F.45

LOB READ statement, F.46

LOB statements, A.2.4

LOB APPEND, 13.4.1

LOB ASSIGN, 13.4.2

LOB CLOSE, 13.4.3

LOB CLOSE ALL, 13.4.9

LOB COPY, 13.4.4

LOB CREATE TEMPORARY, 13.4.5

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING, 13.4.6

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING, 13.4.7

LOB ERASE, 13.4.8

LOB FILE SET, 13.4.10

LOB FLUSH BUFFER, 13.4.11

LOB FREE TEMPORARY, 13.4.12

LOB LOAD FROM FILE, 13.4.13

LOB OPEN, 13.4.14

LOB READ, 13.4.15

LOB TRIM, 13.4.16

LOB WRITE, 13.4.17

LOB TRIM statement, F.47

LOB WRITE statement, F.48

LOBs

advantage of buffering, 13.1.7

CHUNKSIZE attribute, 13.4.18

compared with LONG and LONG RAW, 13.1.4

definition, 13.1

DIRECTORY attribute, 13.4.18

external, 13.1.2, 13.2.2.2

FILEEXISTS attribute, 13.4.18

FILENAME attribute, 13.4.18

internal, 13.1.1, 13.2.2.1

ISOPEN attribute, 13.4.18

ISTEMPORARY attribute, 13.4.18

LENGTH attribute, 13.4.18

LOB demo program, 13.5

locators, 13.1.5

rules for all statements, 13.3.1

rules for buffering subsystem, 13.3.2

rules for statements, 13.3.3

temporary, 13.1.6, 13.2.2.3

using polling method to read and write, 13.4.19

lock

released by ROLLBACK statement, F.52

LOCK TABLE statement, 3.12.1

example, 3.12.1

using the NOWAIT parameter, 3.12.1

locking, 3.3, 3.11

explicit versus implicit, 3.11

modes, 3.3

overriding default, 3.11

privileges needed, 3.14.2

using the FOR UPDATE OF clause, 3.11

using the LOCK TABLE statement, 3.12.1

logons

automatic, 3.2.3

concurrent, 3.2.1

explicit, 3.2.2

requirements, 3.1

LONG datatype

external, 4.1.2.9

LONG RAW datatype

converting, 4.12.5

LONG RAW datatypes

external, 4.1.2.10

LONG VARCHAR datatype, 4.1.2.11

LONG VARRAW datatype, 4.1.2.12

LRECLEN precompiler option, 14.7.22

LTYPE precompiler option, 14.7.23

M

MAXLITERAL, B.1.4

MAXLITERAL precompiler option, 14.7.24

MAXOPENCURSORS option, D.8

using for separate precompilation, 2.6.1.2

MAXOPENCURSORS precompiler option, 14.7.25

message text, 8.3.3.5

migration

error message codes, A.4.9

migration from earlier releases, A.5

MODE

equivalent values, 14.7.26

MODE option

effects of, 4.6.2

MODE precompiler option, 14.7.26

mode, parameter, 6.2.4.1

multibyte character sets, 4.9

multi-byte Globalization Support features

datatypes, 2.2.20

with PL/SQL, 4.9.1

multithreaded applications

sample program, 12.5

user-interface features

embedded SQL statements and directives, 12.4.2

N

namespaces

reserved by Oracle, C.2

naming

host variables, 2.2.16

of database objects, F.3.6

select-list items, 11.2.1

naming conventions

cursor, 5.4.1

default database, 3.2.1

host variable, 2.1.6

NESTED precompiler option, 14.7.27, A.2.14

nested programs, A.4.3

support for, 2.4.1

New Datetime Datatypes, A.1.2

NEXTVAL pseudocolumns, 4.1.2.23

nibbles, 4.12.5

NLS_LOCAL

precompiler option, 14.7.28

NOT FOUND condition

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.4, F.58

NOWAIT parameter, 3.12.1

using in LOCK TABLE statement, 3.12.1

NULLs

definition, 2.1.6

detecting, 4.4.2

handling

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.4.4

indicator variables, 6.1.3.1

hardcoding, 5.2.3

inserting, 5.2.3

meaning in SQL (NVL function), 2.2.21

restrictions, 5.2.6

retrieving, 5.2.4

SQLNUL subroutine, 11.4.4

testing for, 5.2.6

NULLs in SQL

how to detect, 2.2.21

NUMBER datatype

using the SQLPRC subroutine with, 11.4.3

NVL function

for retrieving NULL values, 2.2.21

O

OCIInterval host variable, Preface, A.1.2

ONAME precompiler option, 14.7.29

OPEN DESCRIPTOR statement, F.50

OPEN SQL statement, F.50

OPEN statement, F.49

example, 5.4.2

examples, F.49

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.11

using in dynamic SQL method 3, 9.11.3

opening

cursors, F.49, F.50

opening a cursor variable, 6.10.3

operators

relational, 2.2.25

optimizer hint, D.5.1

optional division headers, 2.2.11

options

precompiler concepts, 14.3

ORACA, 8.2.2

declaring, 8.4.1, 8.4.2

enabling, 8.4.3, 8.4.3

example, 8.4.6

fields, 8.4.5

gathering cursor cache statistics, 8.4.5.11

ORACABC field, 8.4.5.2

ORACAID field, 8.4.5.1

ORACCHF flag, 8.4.5.3

ORACOC field, 8.4.5.14

ORADBGF flag, 8.4.5.4

ORAHCHF flag, 8.4.5.5

ORAHOC field, 8.4.5.12

ORAMOC field, 8.4.5.13

ORANEX field, 8.4.5.17

ORANOR field, 8.4.5.15

ORANPR field, 8.4.5.16

ORASFNMC field, 8.4.5.9

ORASFNML field, 8.4.5.9

ORASLNR field, 8.4.5.10

ORASTXTC field, 8.4.5.8

ORASTXTF flag, 8.4.5.6

ORASTXTL field, 8.4.5.8

precompiler option, 8.4.3

purpose, 8.2.2, 8.4

structure of, 8.4.5

ORACA precompiler option, 14.7.30

ORACABC field, 8.4.5.2

ORACAID field, 8.4.5.1

ORACCHF flag, 8.4.5.3

Oracle Communications Area

ORACA, 8.4

Oracle dynamic SQL

when to use, 10

Oracle names

how to form, F.3.6

Oracle namespaces, C.2

Oracle Net

concurrent logons, 3.2.1

using ROWID datatype, 4.1.2.16

using to connect to Oracle, 3.2.1

Oracle Open Gateway

using ROWID datatype, 4.1.2.16

ORACOC

in ORACA, 8.4.5.14

ORACOC field, 8.4.5.14

ORADBGF flag, 8.4.5.4

ORAHCHF flag, 8.4.5.5

ORAHOC field, 8.4.5.12

ORAMOC field, 8.4.5.13

ORANEX

in ORACA, 8.4.5.17

ORANEX field, 8.4.5.17

ORANOR field, 8.4.5.15

ORANPR field, 8.4.5.16

ORASFNM, in ORACA, 8.4.5.9

ORASFNMC field, 8.4.5.9

ORASFNML field, 8.4.5.9

ORASLNR

in ORACA, 8.4.5.10

ORASLNR field, 8.4.5.10

ORASTXTC field, 8.4.5.8

ORASTXTF flag, 8.4.5.6

ORASTXTL field, 8.4.5.8

ORECLEN precompiler option, 14.7.31

OUT parameter mode, 6.2.4.1

output host variable, 5.1.1, 5.1.1

output versus input, 5.1

P

PAGELEN precompiler option, 14.7.32

paragraph names

associating with SQL statements, 2.2.22

coding area for, 2.2.22

parameter mode, 6.2.4.1

parse error offset, 8.3.3.4

parsing dynamic statements

PREPARE statement, F.51

password, changing, A.4.8

passwords

changing at runtime with ALTER AUTHORIZATION, 3.2.4

defining, 3.1

hardcoding, 3.1

performance

causes of poor, D.1

improving, D.2

PIC G for Globalization Support characters, B.1.5

PIC N for Globalization Support characters, B.1.5

PICX precompiler option, 4.6.1, 14.7.33

placeholders

duplicate, 9.16.2

plan, execution, D.5

PL/SQL

advantages, 1.4

cursor FOR loop, 6.2.3

datatype equivalents, 11.4.3

embedded, 6.1

exception, 6.5.1

integration with server, 6.2.2

opening a cursor variable

anonymous block, 6.10.3.2

stored procedure, 6.10.3.1

package, 6.2.5

relationship with SQL, 1.4

subprogram, 6.2.4

user-defined record, 6.2.7

PL/SQL block execution

effect on SQLCA components, 8.3.5

PL/SQL blocks

embedded in Oracle7 precompiler programs, F.22

PL/SQL subprogram

calling from Pro*COBOL, 6.8

PL/SQL table, 6.2.6

precompilation

conditional, 2.5

generated code, 14.2

separate, 2.6

precompilation unit, 14.5

precompiler command

required arguments, 14.1

precompiler options

abbreviating name, 14.3

ANSI Dynamic SQL, 10.5

ASACC, 14.7.1

ASSUME_SQLCODE, 14.7.2

AUTO_CONNECT, 3.2.3.1, 14.7.3

CLOSE_ON_COMMIT, 5.4.1, 14.7.4, A.3.7

CONFIG, 14.7.5

current values, 14.3.3

DATE_FORMAT, 14.7.6, 14.7.6, A.3.9

DBMS, 14.7.7

DECLARE_SECTION, 2.3.2, 14.7.8

DEFINE, 14.7.9

displaying, 14.3

displaying syntax, default, purpose, 14.6

DYNAMIC, 10.5, 14.7.10

END_OF_FETCH, 14.7.11, 14.7.11

entering, 14.4

entering inline, 14.4.2

entering on the command line, 14.1

ERRORS, 14.7.12

FIPS, 14.7.13

FORMAT, 14.7.14

HOLD_CURSOR, 14.7.15, D.8

HOST, 14.7.16

INAME, 14.7.17

INCLUDE, 14.7.18

IRECLEN, 14.7.19

list, 14.6

LITDELIM, 2.2.10, 14.7.20

LNAME, 14.7.21

LRECLEN, 14.7.22

LTYPE, 14.7.23

macro and micro, 14.3.2

MAXLITERAL, 14.7.24

MAXOPENCURSORS, 2.6.1.2, 14.7.25, D.8

MODE, 4.6.2, 8.2.3, 10.5, 14.7.26

name of the system configuration file, 14.4.3

NESTED, 14.7.27, A.2.14

NLS_LOCAL, 14.7.28

ONAME, 14.7.29

ORACA, 8.4.3, 14.7.30

ORECLEN, 14.7.31

PAGELEN, 14.7.32

PICX, 4.6.1, 14.7.33, A.4.5

precedence, 14.3.1

PREFETCH, 5.4.9, 14.7.34, A.2.6

RELEASE_CURSOR, 14.7.35, D.8

respecifying, 14.5

scope of, 14.5, 14.5

SELECT_ERROR, 14.7.36

specifying, 14.1

SQLCHECK, 14.7.37

syntax for, 14.1, 14.1

table of how macro options set micro options, 14.3.2

THREADS, 12.4.1, 14.7.38, 14.7.38

TYPE_CODE, 10.5, 14.7.39

UNSAFE_NULL, 14.7.40

USERID, 14.7.41

VARCHAR, 14.7.42

XREF, 14.7.43

precompilers

advantages, 1.2

Globalization Support, 4.8

language support, 1.1.1

running, 14

using PL/SQL, 6.3

PREFETCH precompiler option, 5.4.9, 14.7.34

PREPARE statement, F.51

effect on data definition statements, 9.6.2

examples, F.51

in dynamic SQL method 4, 11.6.6

using in dynamic SQL, 9.9, 9.11.1

private SQL area

association with cursors, 5.4

opening, 5.4

purpose, D.8.2.1

Pro*COBOL

how it works, 1.1

program termination, 3.9

programming guidelines, 2.2

programming language support, 1.1.1

pseudocolumns, 4.1.2.23

CURRVAL, 4.1.2.23

LEVEL, 4.1.2.23

NEXTVAL, 4.1.2.23

ROWNUM, 4.1.2.23

Q

queries

association with cursor, 5.4

single-row versus multirow, 5.3.1

query, 5.3

R

RAW datatype

converting, 4.12.5

external, 4.1.2.15

RAWTOHEX function, 4.12.5

read consistency, 3.3

READ ONLY parameter

using in SET TRANSACTION, 3.10

read-only transaction, 3.10

ending, 3.10

example, 3.10

record, user-defined, 6.2.7

REDEFINES clause

purpose, 2.2.23

restrictions, 2.2.23

REDEFINES support, A.4.4

reference

host variable, 2.1.6

reference cursor, 6.10

referencing

host tables, 7.3.2

host variables, 4.3.2

indicator variables, 4.4.3

VARCHAR variables, 4.5.3

relational operators

COBOL versus SQL, 2.2.25

RELEASE option, 3.6, 3.9

COMMIT statement, 3.6

omitting, 3.9

restrictions, 3.8

ROLLBACK statement, 3.7

RELEASE_CURSOR option, D.8

of ORACLE Precompilers, F.7

RELEASE_CURSOR precompiler option, 14.7.35

remote database

declaration of, F.15

restrictions

AT clause, 3.2.2.1

CURRENT OF clause, 5.4.6

cursor declaration, 5.4.1

cursor variables, 6.10.7

dynamic SQL, 14.7.28

FOR clause, 7.9.1

host tables, 7.3.1.1, 7.4.4, 7.5.1, 7.7.1

host variables, 4.3.2.2

naming, 2.2.16

referencing, 4.3.2.2

input host variable, 5.1.1

on host tables, 7.3.5

REDEFINES clause, 2.2.23

RELEASE option, 3.8

separate precompilation, 2.6.1.1

SET TRANSACTION statement, 3.10

SQLGLM subroutine, 8.3.6

SQLIEM subroutine, 8.3.6

TO SAVEPOINT clause, 3.8

use of CURRENT OF clause, 7.3.5

retrieving rows from a table

embedded SQL, F.54

RETURN-CODE special register is unpredictable, B.1.6

returning clause, 5.3.3

in INSERT, 5.3.3

roll back

to a savepoint, F.53

to the same savepoint multiple times, F.52

rollback

automatic, 3.7

purpose, 3.4

statement-level, 3.7.1

rollback segments, 3.3

ROLLBACK statement, 3.7, 3.7, F.52

effects, 3.7

ending a transaction, F.52

example, 3.7

examples, F.52

RELEASE option, 3.7

TO SAVEPOINT clause, 3.7

using in a PL/SQL block, 3.14.3

using in error-handling routines, 3.7

where to place, 3.7

rolling back

transactions, F.52

row lock

acquiring with FOR UPDATE OF, 3.11.1

using to improve performance, D.7

when acquired, 3.11.1.1

when released, 3.11.1.1

ROWID datatype

heap tables versus index-organized tables, 4.7

Universal, 4.7

use of, 4.7

use of ALLOCATE, 4.7

ROWID pseudocolumns

retrieving with SQLROWIDGET, 4.7.1

universal ROWID, 4.7

using to mimic CURRENT OF, 3.12, 7.11

ROWNUM pseudocolumns, 4.1.2.23

rows

fetching from cursors, F.26, F.27

inserting into tables and views, F.30

updating, F.56

rows-processed count, 8.3.3.3

RR diagrams

see syntax diagrams, F.3

S

sample database table

DEPT table, 2.8

EMP table, 2.8

sample programs

calling a stored procedure, 6.9, 6.9

cursor operations, 5.5

cursor variable use, 6.10.8

cursor variables

PL/SQL source, 6.10.8.1

datatype equivalencing, 4.13, 4.13

dynamic SQL Method 1, 9.8

dynamic SQL method 2, 9.10

dynamic SQL Method 3, 9.12

dynamic SQL method 4, 11.8

EXEC ORACLE scope, 14.4.2.2

fetching in batches, 7.4.7, 7.13

LOBDEMO1.PCO, 13.5

PL/SQL examples, 6.4.1

SAMPLE10.PCO, 11.8

SAMPLE11.PCO, 6.10.8

SAMPLE12.PCO, 10.7

SAMPLE13.PCO, 2.4.1.2

SAMPLE14.PCO, 7.13

SAMPLE1.PCO, 2.9

SAMPLE2.PCO, 5.5

SAMPLE3.PCO, 7.4.7

SAMPLE4.PCO, 4.13

SAMPLE6.PCO, 9.8

SAMPLE7.PCO, 9.10

SAMPLE8.PCO, 9.12

SAMPLE9.PCO, 6.9

simple query, 2.9

tables of group items, 7.13

WHENEVER...DO CALL example, 8.3.9.2

savepoint, 3.8

SAVEPOINT statement, 3.8, F.53

example, 3.8

examples, F.53

savepoints

creating, F.53

when erased, 3.8

scalar types, 11.4.3

scale

definition of, 4.12.2

using SQLPRC to extract, 4.12.2

when negative, 4.12.2

scope

cursor variables, 6.10.1

of DECLARE STATEMENT directive, F.16

of precompiler options, 14.5, 14.5

of the EXEC ORACLE statement, 14.4.2.2

WHENEVER directive, 8.3.9.3

search condition, 5.3.7

using in the WHERE clause, 5.3.7

SELDFCLP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDFCRCP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDFMT variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDH-CUR-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDH-MAX-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDH-VNAME variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDI variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDI-CUR-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDI-MAX-VNAMEL variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDI-VNAME variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDV variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDVLN variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SELDVTYP variable (SQLDA), 11.3

select descriptor, 11.2.1

select descriptors

information in, 9.13.2

select list, 5.3.1

select SQLDA

purpose of, 11.1.3

SELECT statement, F.54

available clauses, 5.3.1.1

embedded SQL examples, F.54

example, 5.3.1

INTO clause, 5.3.1

using host tables, 7.4

SELECT_ERROR option, 5.3.1

SELECT_ERROR precompiler option, 14.7.36

select-list items

naming, 11.2.1

semantic checking, E.1

enabling, E.3.1

using the SQLCHECK option, E.1

separate precompilation

guidelines, 2.6.1

restrictions, 2.6.1.1

session, 3.3

sessions

beginning, F.9

SET clause, 5.3.5

using a subquery, 5.3.5

SET DESCRIPTOR statement, F.55

SET TRANSACTION statement

example, 3.10

READ ONLY parameter, 3.10

restrictions, 3.10

snapshot, 3.3

SQL

summary of statements, F.1

SQL codes

returned by SQLGLS routine, 8.3.10

SQL Communications Area, 2.1.9.2

SQL Descriptor Area, 9.13.1, 11.2

SQL directives

CONTEXT USE, 12.4.2.4

DECLARE CURSOR, F.14

DECLARE DATABASE, F.15

DECLARE STATEMENT, F.16

DECLARE TABLE, F.17

VAR, F.57

WHENEVER, F.58

SQL directives CONTEXT USE, F.12

SQL statements

ALLOCATE, F.4

ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR, F.5

CALL, F.6

CLOSE, F.7

COMMIT, F.8

CONNECT, F.9

CONTEXT ALLOCATE, F.10

CONTEXT FREE, F.11

controlling transactions, 3.4

DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR, F.13

DELETE, F.18

DESCRIBE, F.19

DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR, F.20

ENABLE THREADS, F.21

EXECUTE, F.23

EXECUTE DESCRIPTOR, F.24

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, F.25

EXECUTE...END-EXEC, F.22

FETCH, F.26, F.27

FETCH DESCRIPTOR, F.27

FREE, F.28, F.28

GET DESCRIPTOR, F.29

INSERT, F.30

LOB APPEND, F.31

LOB ASSIGN, F.32

LOB CLOSE, F.33

LOB COPY, F.34

LOB CREATE, F.35

LOB DESCRIBE, F.36

LOB DISABLE BUFFERING, F.37

LOB ENABLE BUFFERING, F.38

LOB ERASE, F.39

LOB FILE CLOSE, F.40

LOB FILE SET, F.41

LOB FLUSH BUFFER, F.42

LOB FREE TEMPORARY, F.43

LOB LOAD, F.44

LOB OPEN, F.45

LOB READ, F.46

LOB TRIM, F.47

LOB WRITE, F.48

OPEN, F.49, F.49, F.50

OPEN DESCRIPTOR, F.50

optimizing to improve performance, D.5

PREPARE, F.51

ROLLBACK, F.52

SAVEPOINT, F.53

SELECT, F.54

SET DESCRIPTOR, F.55

static versus dynamic, 2.1.4

summary of, F.1

UPDATE, F.56, F.56

using to control a cursor, 5.3, 5.4

SQL*Plus, 1.3

SQL_CURSOR, F.4

SQLADR subroutine

example, 11.6.4

parameters, 11.4.1

storing buffer addresses, 11.1.3

syntax, 11.4.1

SQLCA, 8.2.1

components set for a PL/SQL block, 8.3.5

declaring EXTERNAL, 2.6.1.3

fields, 8.3.4

interaction with Oracle, 2.1.9.2

overview, 2.1.9.2

sharing, 2.6.1.3

SQLCABC field, 8.3.4.2

SQLCAID field, 8.3.4.1

SQLCODE field, 8.3.4.4

SQLERRD(3) field, 8.3.4.5

SQLERRD(5) field, 8.3.4.5

SQLERRMC field, 8.3.4.4

SQLERRML field, 8.3.4.4

SQLWARN(4) flag, 8.3.4.6

using with Oracle Net, 8.3

SQLCA status variable

data structure, 8.3.1

declaring, 8.3.2

effect of MODE option, 8.2.3

explicit versus implicit checking, 8.2.1

purpose, 8.3

SQLCABC field, 8.3.4.2

SQLCAID field, 8.3.4.1

SQLCHECK option

using the DECLARE TABLE statement, E.3.1.2

using to check syntax/semantics, E

SQLCHECK precompiler option, 14.7.37

SQLCODE field, 8.3.4.4

interpreting its value, 8.3.4.4

SQLCODE status variable

effect of MODE option, 8.2.3

usage, 8.2.3

SQL-CONTEXT, 12.4.2

host tables not allowed, 12.4.2.1

variable declaration, 4.3.1

SQLDA, 9.13.1, 9.13.3

bind versus select, 9.13.3

BNDDFCLP variable, 11.3

BNDDFCRCP variable, 11.3

BNDDFMT variable, 11.3

BNDDH-CUR-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

BNDDH-MAX-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

BNDDH-VNAME variable, 11.3

BNDDI variable, 11.3

BNDDI-CUR-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

BNDDI-MAX-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

BNDDI-VNAME variable, 11.3

BNDDV variable, 11.3

BNDDVLN variable, 11.3

BNDDVTYP variable, 11.3

declaring, 11.2.3

example, 11.2.3

information stored in, 9.13.3

purpose, 11.2.1

SELDFCLP variable, 11.3

SELDFCRCP variable, 11.3

SELDFMT variable, 11.3

SELDH-CUR-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

SELDH-MAX-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

SELDH-VNAME variable, 11.3

SELDI variable, 11.3

SELDI-CUR-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

SELDI-MAX-VNAMEL variable, 11.3

SELDI-VNAME variable, 11.3

SELDV variable, 11.3

SELDVLN variable, 11.3

SELDVTYP variable, 11.3

SQLADR subroutine, 11.4.1

SQLDFND variable, 11.3

SQLDNUM variable, 11.3

structure, 11.3

SQLDFND variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SQLDNUM variable (SQLDA), 11.3

SQLERRD(3) field, 8.3.4.5

using with batch fetch, 7.4.3

SQLERRD(3) variable, 8.3.3.3

SQLERRD(5) field, 8.3.4.5

SQLERRMC field, 8.3.4.4

SQLERRMC variable, 8.3.3.5

SQLERRML field, 8.3.4.4

SQLERROR condition, 8.3.8.3

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.3

WHENEVER directive, F.58

SQLFC parameter, 8.3.10

SQLGLM subroutine

example, 8.3.6

parameters, 8.3.6

provides DSNTIAR support for DB2 conversions, 8.3.7

purpose, 8.3.6

restrictions, 8.3.6

syntax, 8.3.6

SQLGLS routine, 8.3.10, 8.3.10

parameters, 8.3.10

SQL codes returned by, 8.3.10

syntax, 8.3.10

using to obtain SQL text, 8.3.10

SQLIEM subroutine

restrictions, 8.3.6

SQLNUL subroutine

example, 11.4.4

parameters, 11.4.4

purpose, 11.4.4

syntax, 11.4.4

SQLPRC subroutine

example, 11.4.3

parameters, 11.4.3

purpose, 11.4.3

syntax, 11.4.3

SQLROWIDGET

retrieving ROWID of last row inserted, 4.7.1

SQLSTATE

declaring, 8.2.4

SQLSTATE status variable

class code, 8.2.4.1

coding scheme, 8.2.4.1

effect of MODE option, 8.2.3

interpreting values, 8.2.4.1

predefined classes, 8.2.4.1

subclass code, 8.2.4.1

usage, 8.2.3

SQLSTM parameter, 8.3.10

SQLSTM routine, 8.3.10

SQLWARN(4) flag, 8.3.4.6

SQLWARNING

condition WHENEVER directive, F.58

SQLWARNING condition, 8.3.8.2

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.2

statement-level rollback, 3.7.1

breaking deadlocks, 3.7.1

status codes for error reporting, 8.3.3.1

STMLEN parameter, 8.3.10

STOP action

of WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8.10, F.58

stored procedure

opening a cursor, 6.10.8

sample programs, 6.10.8

stored procedures

opening a cursor, 6.10.3.1

sample programs, 6.9

stored subprogram

calling, 6.8.2.1

creating, 6.8.1

packaged versus standalone, 6.8

stored versus inline, D.4

using to improve performance, D.4

stored subprogram, calling, 6.8

STRING datatype, 4.1.2.17

string literals

continuing on the next line, 2.2.7

subprogram, PL/SQL, 6.2.4

subprogram, PL/SQL or Java, 6.8

subquery, 5.3.4

example, 5.3.4, 5.3.5

using in the SET clause, 5.3.5

using in the VALUES clause, 5.3.4

syntactic checking, E.1

syntax

continuation lines, 2.2.7

embedded SQL statements, 2.2.12

SQLADR subroutine, 11.4.1

SQLGLM subroutine, 8.3.6

SQLNUL subroutine, 11.4.4

SQLPRC, 11.4.3

syntax diagrams

description of, F.3

how to read, F.3

how to use, F.3

symbols used in, F.3

syntax, embedded SQL, 2.1.3

SYSDATE function, 4.1.2.23

SYSDBA privilege, A.2.9

SYSDBA privilege show to set, 3.2.5.2

SYSOPER privilege, A.2.9

how to set, 3.2.5.2

system failures

effect on transactions, 3.5

System Global Area (SGA), 6.8

T

table (host) elements

maximum, 7.3.1.1

table lock

acquiring with LOCK TABLE, 3.12.1

row share, 3.12.1

when released, 3.12.1

tables

elements, 7.1

inserting rows into, F.30

updating rows in, F.56

tables of group items, A.2.10

tables, host, 7.1

TERMINAL format

COBOL statements, 2.2.4

terminator for embedded SQL statements, 2.2.25

terminator, SQL statements, A.3.10

THREADS

precompiler option, 12.4.1, 14.7.38

threads, F.10

allocating context, 12.4.2.3, F.10

enabling, 12.4.2.2, F.21

freeing context, 12.4.2.5, F.11

use context, 12.4.2.4, F.12

THREADS precompiler option, 14.7.38

TIMESTAMP, Preface, A.1.2

TIMESTAMP datatype, 4.2

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 4.2

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIMEZONE, Preface, A.1.2

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 4.2

TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE, Preface, A.1.2

TO SAVEPOINT clause, 3.8

restrictions, 3.8

using in ROLLBACK statement, 3.8

trace facility

using to improve performance, D.5.1.1

transaction, 3.4

transactions

committing, F.8

contents, 3.5

guidelines, 3.14.1

how to begin, 3.5

how to end, 3.5

in-doubt, 3.13

making permanent, 3.6

read-only, 3.10

rolling back, F.52, F.52

subdividing with savepoints, 3.8

undoing, 3.7

undoing parts of, 3.8

when rolled back automatically, 3.5, 3.7

truncated values, 6.5.2

detecting, 4.4.2

indicator variables, 6.1.3.2

truncation errors

when generated, 5.2.7

tuning, performance, D.1

TYPE statements

using the CHARF datatype specifier, 4.12.3

TYPE_CODE option

effect on functionality, 10.5

TYPE_CODE precompiler option, 14.7.39

U

UID function, 4.1.2.23

undo a transaction, F.52

universal ROWID, A.2.8

ROWID pseudocolumns, 4.7

UNSAFE_NULL precompiler option, 14.7.40

UNSIGNED datatype, 4.1.2.18

UPDATE statement, F.56

embedded SQL examples, F.56

example, 5.3.5

SET clause, 5.3.5

using host tables, 7.6

updating

rows in tables and views, F.56

use

thread context, 12.4.2.4

USER function, 4.1.2.23

user session, 3.3

user-defined record, 6.2.7

USERID option

using with the SQLCHECK option, E.3.1.1

USERID precompiler option, 14.7.41

usernames

defining, 3.1

hardcoding, 3.1

USING clause

CONNECT statement, 3.2.2.1

of FETCH statement, F.26

of OPEN statement, F.49

using in the EXECUTE statement, 9.9.1

using indicator variables, 9.9.1

using dbstring

Oracle Net database id specification, F.9

V

VALUE clause

initializing host variables, 4.3.1.2

VALUES clause

INSERT statement, 5.3.3

of embedded SQL INSERT statement, F.30

of INSERT statement, F.30

using a subquery, 5.3.4

VAR directive, F.57

examples, F.57

VAR statement

CONVBUFSZ clause, 4.12.2.1

syntax for, 4.12.2

using the CHARF datatype specifier, 4.12.3

VARCHAR datatype, 4.1.2.19

VARCHAR group items

implicit form, A.3.4

VARCHAR precompiler option, 14.7.42

VARCHAR pseudotype

using with PL/SQL, 6.4.3

VARCHAR variables

advantages, 4.6.4.2

as input variables, 4.6.4.1

as output variables, 4.6.4.2

declaring, 4.5.1

implicit group items, 4.5.2

length element, 4.5.1

maximum length, 4.5.1

referencing, 4.5.3

server handling, 4.6.4.1, 4.6.4.2

string element, 4.5.1

structure, 4.5.1

versus fixed-length strings, 4.6.4.2

with PL/SQL, 6.1.2

VARCHAR2 datatype

external, 4.1.2.20

VARNUM datatype, 4.1.2.21

VARRAW datatype, 4.1.2.22

VARYING keyword

versus VARYING phrase, 4.5.1

versions of COBOL supported, 2.2.3

views

inserting rows into, F.30

updating rows in, F.56

W

warning flags for error reporting, 8.3.3.2

WHENEVER

DO CALL example, 8.3.9.2

WHENEVER directive, 8.3.8, F.58

careless usage, 8.3.9.4

CONTINUE action, 8.3.8.6

DO CALL action, 8.3.8.7

DO PERFORM action, 8.3.8.8

example, 8.3.9.1

examples, F.58

GOTO action, 8.3.8.9

overview, 2.1.9.3

purpose, 8.3.8

scope of, 8.3.9.3

SQLERROR condition, 8.3.8.3

SQLWARNING condition, 8.3.8.2

STOP action, 8.3.8.10

syntax, 8.3.9

using to check SQLCA automatically, 8.3.8.1

WHENEVER DO CALL, A.2.11

WHERE clause, 5.3.7

DELETE statement, 5.3.6

of DELETE statement, F.18

of UPDATE statement, F.56

search condition, 5.3.7

SELECT statement, 5.3.1

UPDATE statement, 5.3.5

using host tables, 7.10

WHERE CURRENT OF clause, 5.4.5

WITH HOLD

clause of DECLARE CURSOR statement, 5.4.1

WITH HOLD clause, A.3.6

WORK option

of COMMIT statement, F.8

of ROLLBACK statement, F.52

X

XREF precompiler option, 14.7.43