Release 9.2
Part No. A96630-01
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| Oracle® Spatial User's Guide and Reference Release 9.2 Part No. A96630-01 |
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This chapter describes how to load spatial data into a database, including storing the data in a table with a column of type SDO_GEOMETRY. After you have loaded spatial data, you can create a spatial index for it and perform queries on it, as described in Chapter 4.
The process of loading data can be classified into two categories:
Bulk loading of data
This process is used to load large volumes of data into the database and uses the SQL*Loader utility to load the data.
Transactional insert operations
This process is used to insert relatively small amounts of data into the database using the INSERT statement in SQL.
Bulk loading can import large amounts of ASCII data into an Oracle database. Bulk loading is accomplished with the SQL*Loader utility. (For information about SQL*Loader, see Oracle9i Database Utilities.)
Example 3-1 is the SQL*Loader control file for loading four geometries. When this control file is used with SQL*Loader, it loads the same cola market geometries that are inserted using SQL statements in Example 2-1 in Section 2.1.
Example 3-1 Control File for Bulk Load of Cola Market Geometries
LOAD DATA INFILE * TRUNCATE CONTINUEIF NEXT(1:1) = '#' INTO TABLE COLA_MARKETS FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|' TRAILING NULLCOLS ( mkt_id INTEGER EXTERNAL, name CHAR, shape COLUMN OBJECT ( SDO_GTYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL, SDO_ELEM_INFO VARRAY TERMINATED BY '|/' (elements FLOAT EXTERNAL), SDO_ORDINATES VARRAY TERMINATED BY '|/' (ordinates FLOAT EXTERNAL) ) ) begindata 1|cola_a| #2003|1|1003|3|/ #1|1|5|7|/ 2|cola_b| #2003|1|1003|1|/ #5|1|8|1|8|6|5|7|5|1|/ 3|cola_c| #2003|1|1003|1|/ #3|3|6|3|6|5|4|5|3|3|/ 4|cola_d| #2003|1|1003|4|/ #8|7|10|9|8|11|/
Notes on Example 3-1:
The EXTERNAL keyword in the definition mkt_id INTEGER EXTERNAL means that each value to be inserted into the MKT_ID column (1, 2, 3, and 4 in this example) is an integer in human-readable form, not binary format.
In the data after begindata, each MKT_ID value is preceded by one space, because the CONTINUEIF NEXT(1:1) = '#' specification causes the first position of each data line to be ignored unless it is the number sign (#) continuation character.
Example 3-2 assumes that a table named POLY_4PT was created as follows:
CREATE TABLE POLY_4PT (GID VARCHAR2(32),
GEOMETRY MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY);
Assume that the ASCII data consists of a file with delimited columns and separate rows fixed by the limits of the table with the following format:
geometry rows: GID, GEOMETRY
The coordinates in the GEOMETRY column represent polygons. Example 3-2 shows the control file for loading the data.
Example 3-2 Control File for Bulk Load of Polygons
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
TRUNCATE
CONTINUEIF NEXT(1:1) = '#'
INTO TABLE POLY_4PT
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|'
TRAILING NULLCOLS (
GID INTEGER EXTERNAL,
GEOM COLUMN OBJECT
(
SDO_GTYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL,
SDO_ELEM_INFO VARRAY TERMINATED BY '|/'
(elements FLOAT EXTERNAL),
SDO_ORDINATES VARRAY TERMINATED BY '|/'
(ordinates FLOAT EXTERNAL)
)
)
begindata
1|2003|1|1003|1|/
#-122.4215|37.7862|-122.422|37.7869|-122.421|37.789|-122.42|37.7866|
#-122.4215|37.7862|/
2|2003|1|1003|1|/
#-122.4019|37.8052|-122.4027|37.8055|-122.4031|37.806|-122.4012|37.8052|
#-122.4019|37.8052|/
3|2003|1|1003|1|/
#-122.426|37.803|-122.4242|37.8053|-122.42355|37.8044|-122.4235|37.8025|
#-122.426|37.803|/
Example 3-3 shows a control file for loading a table with point data.
Example 3-3 Control File for a Bulk Load of Point-Only Data
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
TRUNCATE
CONTINUEIF NEXT(1:1) = '#'
INTO TABLE POINT
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|'
TRAILING NULLCOLS (
GID INTEGER EXTERNAL,
GEOMETRY COLUMN OBJECT
(
SDO_GTYPE INTEGER EXTERNAL,
SDO_POINT COLUMN OBJECT
(X FLOAT EXTERNAL,
Y FLOAT EXTERNAL)
)
)
BEGINDATA
1| 2001| -122.4215| 37.7862|
2| 2001| -122.4019| 37.8052|
3| 2001| -122.426| 37.803|
4| 2001| -122.4171| 37.8034|
5| 2001| -122.416151| 37.8027228|
Oracle Spatial uses standard Oracle9i tables that can be accessed or loaded with standard SQL syntax. This section contains examples of transactional inserts into columns of type SDO_GEOMETRY. Note that the INSERT statement in Oracle SQL has a limit of 999 arguments. Therefore, you cannot create a variable-length array of more than 999 elements using the SDO_GEOMETRY constructor inside a transactional INSERT statement; however, you can insert a geometry using a host variable, and the host variable can be built using the SDO_GEOMETRY constructor with more than 999 values in the SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY specification. (The host variable is an OCI, PL/SQL, or Java program variable.)
To perform transactional insertions of geometries, you can create a procedure to insert a geometry, and then invoke that procedure on each geometry to be inserted. Example 3-4 creates a procedure to perform the insert operation.
Example 3-4 Procedure to Perform Transactional Insert Operation
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE
INSERT_GEOM(GEOM MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO TEST_1 VALUES (GEOM);
COMMIT;
END;
/
Using the procedure created in Example 3-4, you can insert data by using a PL/SQL block, such as the one in Example 3-5, which loads a geometry into the variable named geom and then invokes the INSERT_GEOM procedure to insert that geometry.
Example 3-5 PL/SQL Block Invoking Procedure to Insert a Geometry
DECLARE
geom mdsys.sdo_geometry :=
mdsys.sdo_geometry (2003, null, null,
mdsys.sdo_elem_info_array (1,1003,3),
mdsys.sdo_ordinate_array (-109,37,-102,40));
BEGIN
INSERT_GEOM(geom);
COMMIT;
END;
/
For additional examples with various geometry types, see the following:
Rectangle: Example 2-2 in Section 2.3.1
Polygon with a hole: Example 2-3 in Section 2.3.2
Compound polygon: Example 2-5 in Section 2.3.4
Point: Example 2-6 and Example 2-7 in Section 2.3.5
Type 0 (zero) element: Example 2-8 in Section 2.3.6
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