Oracle^® Spatial User's Guide and Reference
Release 9.2
Part No. A96630-01

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Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

Documentation Accessibility

Technologies Released Separately

Related Documentation

New and Changed Features

Validation with Context

Utility Functions

Partitioned Spatial Indexes: Splitting and Merging Supported

Exchanging Partitions Including Indexes

Parallel Index Creation and Rebuilding

Deferred Modifications to an Index

SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM to_srname Parameter Not Supported

Part I Conceptual and Usage Information

1 Spatial Concepts

1.1 What Is Oracle Spatial?

1.2 Object-Relational Model

1.3 Introduction to Spatial Data

1.4 Geometry Types

1.5.4 Coordinate System

1.5.5 Tolerance

1.5.5.1 In the Geometry Metadata for a Layer

1.5.5.2 As an Input Parameter

1.6 Query Model

1.7 Indexing of Spatial Data

1.7.1 R-tree Indexing

1.7.1.1 R-tree Quality

1.7.2 Quadtree Indexing

1.7.2.1 Tessellation of a Layer During Indexing

1.7.2.2 Fixed Indexing

1.8 Spatial Relations and Filtering

1.9 Spatial Aggregate Functions

1.9.1 SDOAGGRTYPE Object Type

1.11 Performance and Tuning Information

1.12 Spatial Release (Version) Number

1.13 Spatial Application Hardware Requirement Considerations

1.14 Spatial Error Messages

1.15 Spatial Examples

2 Spatial Data Types and Metadata

2.1 Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data

2.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type

2.2.1 SDO_GTYPE

2.2.3 SDO_POINT

2.2.4 SDO_ELEM_INFO

2.2.5 SDO_ORDINATES

2.2.6 Usage Considerations

2.3 Geometry Examples

2.3.1 Rectangle

2.3.2 Polygon with a Hole

2.3.3 Compound Line String

2.3.4 Compound Polygon

2.3.6 Type 0 (Zero) Element

2.4 Geometry Metadata Structure

2.4.1 TABLE_NAME

2.4.2 COLUMN_NAME

2.5 Spatial Index-Related Structures

2.5.1 Spatial Index Views

2.5.1.1 xxx_SDO_INDEX_INFO Views

2.5.1.2 xxx_SDO_INDEX_METADATA Views

2.5.2 Spatial Index Table Definition

2.5.3 R-Tree Index Sequence Object

2.6 Unit of Measurement Support

3 Loading Spatial Data

3.1 Bulk Loading

3.1.1 Bulk Loading SDO_GEOMETRY Objects

3.1.2 Bulk Loading Point-Only Data in SDO_GEOMETRY Objects

3.2 Transactional Insert Operations Using SQL

4 Indexing and Querying Spatial Data

4.1 Creating a Spatial Index

4.1.1 Creating R-Tree Indexes

4.1.2 Determining Index Creation Behavior (Quadtree Indexes)

4.1.3 Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size Tiles (Quadtree Indexes)

4.1.4 Indexing Geodetic Data

4.1.5 Constraining Data to a Geometry Type

4.1.6 Creating a Cross-Schema Index

4.1.7 Using Partitioned Spatial Indexes

4.1.8 Exchanging Partitions Including Indexes

4.2 Querying Spatial Data

4.2.1 Spatial Query

4.2.1.1 Primary Filter Operator

4.2.1.2 Primary and Secondary Filter Operator

4.2.1.3 Within-Distance Operator

4.2.1.4 Nearest Neighbor Operator

4.2.1.5 Spatial Functions

4.2.2 Spatial Join

4.2.3 Cross-Schema Operator Invocation

5 Coordinate Systems (Spatial Reference Systems)

5.1 Terms and Concepts

5.1.1 Coordinate System (Spatial Reference System)

5.1.2 Cartesian Coordinates

5.1.3 Geodetic Coordinates (Geographic Coordinates)

5.1.4 Projected Coordinates

5.1.5 Local Coordinates

5.1.6 Geodetic Datum

5.1.7 Authalic Sphere

5.1.8 Transformation

5.2 Geodetic Coordinate Support

5.2.1 Geodesy and Two-Dimensional Geometry

5.2.2 Choosing a Geodetic or Projected Coordinate System

5.2.3 Other Considerations and Requirements with Geodetic Data

5.3 Local Coordinate Support

5.4 Coordinate Systems Data Structures

5.4.1 MDSYS.CS_SRS Table

5.4.1.1 Well-Known Text (WKTEXT)

5.4.2 MDSYS.SDO_ANGLE_UNITS Table

5.4.3 MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS Table

5.4.4 MDSYS.SDO_DATUMS Table

5.4.5 MDSYS.SDO_ELLIPSOIDS Table

5.4.6 MDSYS.SDO_PROJECTIONS Table

5.5 Creating a User-Defined Coordinate System

5.6 Coordinate System Transformation Functions

5.7 Notes and Restrictions with Coordinate Systems Support

5.7.1 Different Coordinate Systems for Geometries with Operators and Functions

5.7.2 Functions Not Supported with Geodetic Data

5.7.3 Functions Supported by Approximations with Geodetic Data

5.8 Example of Coordinate System Transformation

6 Linear Referencing System

6.1 Terms and Concepts

6.1.1 Geometric Segments (LRS Segments)

6.1.2 Shape Points

6.1.3 Direction of a Geometric Segment

6.1.4 Measure (Linear Measure)

6.1.6 Measure Populating

6.1.7 Measure Range of a Geometric Segment

6.1.8 Projection

6.1.9 LRS Point

6.1.10 Linear Features

6.2 LRS Data Model

6.3 Indexing of LRS Data

6.4 3D Formats of LRS Functions

6.5 LRS Operations

6.5.1 Defining a Geometric Segment

6.5.2 Redefining a Geometric Segment

6.5.3 Clipping a Geometric Segment

6.5.4 Splitting a Geometric Segment

6.5.5 Concatenating Geometric Segments

6.5.6 Scaling a Geometric Segment

6.5.7 Offsetting a Geometric Segment

6.5.8 Locating a Point on a Geometric Segment

6.5.9 Projecting a Point onto a Geometric Segment

6.5.10 Converting LRS Geometries

6.6 Example of LRS Functions

7 Extending Spatial Indexing Capabilities

7.1 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in User-Defined Type Definitions

7.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in Function-Based Indexes

7.2.1 Example: Function with Standard Types

7.2.2 Example: Function with User-Defined Object Type

Part II Reference Information

8 SQL Statements for Indexing Spatial Data

ALTER INDEX REBUILD

ALTER INDEX RENAME TO

9 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type Methods

10 Spatial Operators

SDO_NN_DISTANCE

SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE

11 Geometry Functions

SDO_GEOM.RELATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY

SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA

SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CONVEXHULL

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE

12 Spatial Aggregate Functions

SDO_AGGR_CENTROID

SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL

SDO_AGGR_LRS_CONCAT

13 Coordinate System Transformation Functions

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER

SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM

14 Linear Referencing Functions

SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.FIND_LRS_DIM_POS

SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT

SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED

SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING

SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_INCREASING

SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE

SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY

SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.SCALE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT

SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY

15 Migration Procedures

SDO_MIGRATE.FROM_815_TO_81X

SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_FROM

SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_TO

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_734

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_81X

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT

16 Tuning Functions and Procedures

SDO_TUNE.ANALYZE_RTREE

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_INDEX_PERFORMANCE

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_LEVEL

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_TIME

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TOTAL_NUMTILES

SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF

SDO_TUNE.HISTOGRAM_ANALYSIS

SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

SDO_TUNE.QUALITY_DEGRADATION

SDO_TUNE.RTREE_QUALITY

17 Utility Functions

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT

SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES

A Installation, Compatibility, and Migration

A.1 Introduction

A.2 Installation of Spatial

A.3 Upgrading from Spatial Release 8.1.5, 8.1.6, or 8.1.7

A.4 Upgrading from Spatial Release 9.0.1

A.5 Upgrading LRS Data

B Hybrid Indexing

B.1 Creating a Hybrid Index

B.2 Tuning Considerations with Hybrid Indexes

C Locator

Glossary

Index

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