Index

A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W

A

access control

discretionary, 1-4, 1-5, 3-23

fine-grained, 1-4, 1-6

label-based, 1-5, 1-7, 1-12

policies, 1-3

understanding, 3-1

access mediation

and views, 3-23

enforcement options, 3-25

introduction, 3-2

label evaluation, 3-10

program units, 3-24

ADD_COMPARTMENTS function, 6-8

ADD_GROUPS procedure, 6-9

inverse groups, 13-22

ALL_CONTROL option, 7-7

ALL_SA_AUDIT_OPTIONS view, B-2

ALL_SA_COMPARTMENTS view, B-3

ALL_SA_DATA_LABELS view, B-3

ALL_SA_GROUPS view, B-3

ALL_SA_LABELS view, B-4

ALL_SA_LEVELS view, B-4

ALL_SA_POLICIES view, B-4

ALL_SA_PROG_PRIVS view, B-5

ALL_SA_SCHEMA_POLICIES view, B-5

ALL_SA_TABLE_POLICIES view, B-5

ALL_SA_USER_LABELS view, B-6

ALL_SA_USER_LEVELS view, B-7

ALL_SA_USER_PRIVS view, B-8

ALL_SA_USERS view, B-6

ALTER_COMPARTMENT procedure, 5-17

ALTER_COMPARTMENTS procedure, 6-7

ALTER_GROUP procedure, 5-20

ALTER_GROUP_PARENT

inverse groups, 13-25

ALTER_GROUP_PARENT procedure, 5-21

ALTER_GROUPS function, 6-10

ALTER_GROUPS procedure

inverse groups, 13-23

ALTER_LABEL function, 5-24

ALTER_LEVEL procedure, 5-13, 5-15

ALTER_POLICY procedure, 5-10

inverse groups, 13-21

ALTER_SCHEMA_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-9

ANALYZE command, 12-8

APPLY_SCHEMA_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-8

with inverse groups, 13-4

APPLY_TABLE_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-4

with inverse groups, 13-4

architecture, Oracle Label Security, 1-8

AS SYSDBA clause, 12-13

AUDIT procedure, 10-5

AUDIT_LABEL procedure, 10-10

AUDIT_LABEL_ENABLED function, 10-10

AUDIT_TRAIL parameter, 10-3

auditing

audit trails, 1-12, 10-2, 10-3, 10-11

options for Oracle Label Security, 10-4

Oracle Label Security, 1-12, 10-1, 10-2

security and, 10-5

strategy, 10-12

systemwide, 10-3

types of, 5-4

views, 10-11

B

B-tree indexes, 12-8

C

CHAR_TO_LABEL function, 4-7, 4-16, 4-18

characters, valid, 2-3, 5-9

CHECK_CONTROL option

and label update, 7-15, 7-16

and labeling functions, 7-13

and READ_CONTROL, 7-5

definition, 7-3

with other options, 7-8

child rows

deleting, 7-17

inserting, 7-14

updating, 7-16

COMP_READ function, 4-24

COMP_WRITE function, 4-24

COMPACCESS privilege, 3-18, 3-20

inverse groups, 13-8, 13-13

compartments

definition, 2-6

example, 2-7

setting authorizations, 3-7

COMPATIBLE parameter, 12-13

components. See label components

CREATE FUNCTION statement, 9-5

CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 9-5

CREATE PACKAGE statement, 9-5

Create Policy icon, 5-2, 5-8

CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 9-5

CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement, B-15

CREATE_COMPARTMENT procedure, 5-16

CREATE_GROUP procedure, 5-19

inverse groups, 13-25

CREATE_LABEL procedure, 5-23

CREATE_LEVEL procedure, 5-14

CREATE_POLICY procedure, 5-2, 5-9

inverse groups, 13-21

CREATE_VIEW procedure, 10-11, B-15

creating databases, 12-13

D

DAC. See discretionary access control (DAC)

data

access rules, 1-9

label-based access, 2-2

restricting access, 1-4

sensitivity, 1-10, 5-24

data dictionary tables, 6-2, 6-18, 12-8, 12-13, B-2

DATA_LABEL function, 9-7

database links, 11-4

databases, creating additional, 12-13

DBA_policyname_AUDIT_TRAIL view, B-15

DBA_SA_AUDIT_OPTIONS view, 10-9, B-8, B-15

DBA_SA_COMPARTMENTS view, 12-4, B-8

DBA_SA_DATA_LABELS view, B-9

DBA_SA_GROUP_HIERARCHY view, B-9

DBA_SA_GROUPS view, 12-4, B-9

DBA_SA_LABELS view, 12-4, B-10

DBA_SA_LEVELS view, 12-4, B-10

DBA_SA_POLICIES view, B-10

DBA_SA_PROG_PRIVS view, B-11

DBA_SA_SCHEMA_POLICIES view, 7-10, B-11

DBA_SA_TABLE_POLICIES view, 7-10, B-11

DBA_SA_USER_COMPARTMENTS view, 6-18, B-12

DBA_SA_USER_GROUPS view, 6-18, B-13

DBA_SA_USER_LABELS view, B-13

DBA_SA_USER_LEVELS view, 6-18, B-14

DBA_SA_USER_PRIVS view, B-14

DBA_SA_USERS view, 6-17, B-12

DELETE_CONTROL option, 7-3, 7-17

DELETE_RESTRICT option, 7-17

deleting labeled data, 7-17

demobld.sql file, 5-6

DISABLE_POLICY procedure, 5-10

DISABLE_SCHEMA_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-10

DISABLE_TABLE_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-6

discretionary access control (DAC), 1-4, 3-23

distributed databases

connecting to, 11-4

multiple policies, 3-26

Oracle Label Security configuration, 11-2

remote session label, 11-5

dominance

definition, 3-13, 3-14

functions, A-3

greatest lower bound, 4-13

inverse groups, 13-27

least upper bound, 4-12

overview, A-2

DOMINATED_BY function, A-3, A-4, A-5

DOMINATES function, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5

DROP USER CASCADE restriction, B-16

DROP_ALL_COMPARTMENTS procedure, 6-9

DROP_ALL_GROUPS procedure, 6-11

DROP_COMPARTMENT procedure, 5-18

DROP_COMPARTMENTS function, 6-8

DROP_GROUP procedure, 5-22

DROP_GROUPS procedure, 6-10

DROP_LABEL function, 5-25

DROP_LEVEL procedure, 5-16

DROP_POLICY procedure, 5-11

DROP_USER_ACCESS procedure, 6-15

DROP_VIEW procedure, 10-11

duties, of security administrators, 5-5

E

ENABLE_POLICY procedure, 5-11

ENABLE_SCHEMA_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-11

ENABLE_TABLE_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-7

enforcement options

and UPDATE, 7-14

combinations of, 7-8

exemptions, 7-9

guidelines, 7-8

INVERSE_GROUP, 13-4

list of, 7-3

overview, 7-2

viewing, 7-10

EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY privilege, 7-9

Export utility

LBACSYS restriction, B-15

policy enforcement, 7-9

row labels, 3-19, 12-2, 12-4

F

FULL privilege, 3-18, 3-19, 3-21

G

GLBD function, 4-13

granularity, data access, 3-15

GREATEST_LBOUND function, 4-13, 9-9

inverse groups, 13-26

GROUP_READ function, 4-24

GROUP_WRITE function, 4-24

groups

definition, 2-8

example, 2-8

hierarchical, 2-8, 2-13, B-9

inverse, 13-2

parent, 2-8, 3-11, 5-19, 5-21, 13-8

read/write access, 3-11

setting authorizations, 3-8

H

HIDE option

default, 5-9

discussion of, 7-4

example, 4-3

importing hidden column, 12-5

inserting data, 4-17

introduction, 4-2

not exported, 12-2

per-table basis, 4-9

PL/SQL restriction, B-16

schema level, 7-2

I

Import utility

importing labeled data, 12-3, 12-4

importing policies, 12-2

importing unlabeled data, 12-5

with Oracle Label Security, 12-2

indexes, 12-8

INITIAL_LABEL variable, A-7

INITIAL_ROW_LABEL variable, A-7

initialization parameters

AUDIT_TRAIL, 10-3

COMPATIBLE, 12-13

INSERT_CONTROL option, 7-3, 7-13

inserting labeled data, 4-16, 7-13

INTO TABLE clause, 12-6

inverse groups

and label components, 13-4

COMPACCESS privilege, 13-8, 13-13

computed labels, 13-5

dominance, 13-27

implementation of, 13-4

introduction, 13-2

Max Read Groups, 13-7

Max Write Groups, 13-7

parent-child unsupported, 13-8

read algorithm, 13-9

session labels, 13-16

SET_DEFAULT_LABEL, 13-16

SET_LABEL, 13-17

SET_ROW_LABEL, 13-16, 13-17

usesr privileges, 13-8

write algorithm, 13-11

INVERSE_GROUP enforcement option

behavior of procedures, 13-20

implementation, 13-4

L

label components

defining, 5-2, 5-12

in distributed environment, 11-6

industry examples, 2-10

interrelation, 2-13

valid characters, 2-3, 5-9

label evaluation process

COMPACCESS read, 3-20

COMPACCESS write, 3-21

inverse groups, COMPACCESS, 13-13

LABEL_UPDATE, 7-15

read access, 3-13

read access, inverse groups, 13-9

write access, 3-15

write access, inverse groups, 13-11

LABEL function, 4-24

label tags

converting from string, 4-7

converting to string, 4-8

distributed environment, 11-6

example, 4-5

inserting data, 4-16

introduction, 2-11

manually defined, 4-4, 4-5

strategy, 12-10

using in WHERE clauses, 4-10

LABEL_DEFAULT option

and labeling functions, 7-5, 7-10, 7-11

authorizing compartments, 3-7

authorizing groups, 3-8

definition, 7-3

importing unlabeled data, 12-5

inserting labeled data, 4-16, 4-17

with enforcement options, 7-8

with SET_ROW_LABEL, 4-21

LABEL_TO_CHAR function, 4-8, 4-9, 4-11

LABEL_UPDATE option

and labeling functions, 7-5, 7-11

and privileges, 7-5

and WRITE_CONTROL, 7-6

and WRITEACROSS, 3-18

and WRITEDOWN, 3-18, 3-22

and WRITEUP, 3-18, 3-22

definition, 7-3

evaluation process, 7-15

with enforcement options, 7-8

label-based security, 2-2

labeling functions

ALL_CONTROL and NO_CONTROL, 7-7

and CHECK_CONTROL, 7-13

and LABEL_DEFAULT, 7-5, 7-11

and LABEL_UPDATE, 7-5

and LBACSYS, 7-11

creating, 7-12

example, 7-10

how they work, 7-11

importing unlabeled data, 12-5

inserting data, 4-17

introduction, 3-25

override manual insert, 7-13

specifying, 7-12

testing, 7-11

UPDATE, 7-16

using, 7-10

with enforcement options, 7-8

labels

administering, 2-14

and performance, 3-19

data and user, 2-12

merging, 4-14

non-comparable, A-3

relationships between, A-2

syntax, 2-11

valid, 2-11, 4-4

with inverse groups, 13-5

Labels property sheet, 5-2, 5-3

LBAC_DBA role, 5-8

LBAC_LABEL datatype, 7-11

LBACSYS schema

and labeling functions, 7-11

creating additional databases, 12-13

data dictionary tables, 12-8

export restriction, 12-2, B-15

LEAST_UBOUND function, 4-12, 4-15, 9-9

inverse groups, 13-26

levels

definition, 2-4

example, 2-5

setting authorizations, 3-6

LUBD function, 4-12

M

materialized views, 11-9, 11-13

Max Read Groups, 13-7

Max Write Group, 13-7

MAX_LEVEL function, 4-24

MERGE_LABEL function, 4-14, 4-15

MIN_LEVEL function, 4-24

N

NO_CONTROL option, 7-3, 7-7

NOAUDIT procedure, 10-4, 10-7, 10-10

NUMBER datatype, 4-2

NUMERIC_LABEL function, 9-7

NUMERIC_ROW_LABEL function, 9-7

O

object privileges

and Oracle Label Security privileges, 3-23

and trusted stored program units, 3-24, 9-3

discretionary access control, 1-5

OCI example, A-9

OCI interface, A-7

OCI_ATTR_APPCTX_LIST, A-7

OCI_ATTR_APPCTX_SIZE, A-7

OCIAttrGet, A-7

OCIAttrSet, A-7, A-8

OCIParamGet, A-8

Oracle Policy Manager

administering labels, 2-14

applying policies, 5-3, 8-3

authorizing trusted program units, 5-4

authorizing users, 5-3, 6-2

configuring auditing, 5-4

creating policies, 5-2, 5-8

defining label components, 5-2

identifying valid labels, 5-3

introduction, 5-7

ORDER BY clause, 4-10, 4-11

P

packages

Oracle Label Security, 5-6

trusted stored program units, 9-2

partitioning, 4-5, 12-12

performance, Oracle Label Security

ANALYZE command, 12-8

indexes, 12-8

label tag strategy, 12-10

partitioning, 12-12

READ privilege, 3-19

PL/SQL

creating VPD policies, 1-6

overloaded procedures, 5-13

recreating labels for import, 12-4

SA_UTL package, 9-7

trusted stored program units, 9-2

policies

creating, 5-2

enforcement guidelines, 7-8

enforcement options, 1-11, 3-25, 4-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-8

managing, 5-8

multiple, 3-26, 4-4, 6-2, B-15

privileges, 1-5, 1-11, 3-23, 6-15

terminology, 8-2

virtual private database (VPD), 1-7

policy label column

indexing, 12-8

inserting data when hidden, 4-17

introduction, 2-2, 4-2

retrieving, 4-8

retrieving hidden, 4-9

storing label tag, 2-11

policy_DBA role, 5-5, 5-8, 5-22, 6-2, 6-15, 8-4, 8-8

predicates

access mediation, 3-25

errors, 7-19

label tag performance strategy, 12-10

multiple, 7-19

used with policy, 7-18

virtual private database, 1-4

privileges

COMPACCESS, 3-18, 3-20

FULL, 3-18, 3-19, 3-21

Oracle Label Security, 3-18

PROFILE_ACCESS, 3-18, 3-21

program units, 3-24

READ, 3-18, 3-19

row label, 3-22

trusted stored program units, 9-6

WRITEACROSS, 3-18, 3-22

WRITEDOWN, 3-18, 3-22, 3-24

WRITEUP, 3-18, 3-22

PRIVS function, 4-24

procedures, overloaded, 5-13

PROFILE_ACCESS privilege, 3-18, 3-21

R

read access

algorithm, 3-13, 3-19

introduction, 3-10

read label, 3-9

READ privilege, 3-18, 3-19

READ_CONTROL option

about, 7-6

algorithm, 3-13

and CHECK_CONTROL, 7-5

and child rows, 7-14

definition, 7-3

referential integrity, 7-16

with other options, 7-8

with predicates, 7-18

READ_ONLY function, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10

READ_WRITE function, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, 6-10

reading down, 3-14

referential integrity, 7-14, 7-16, 7-17

releasability, 13-2

remote users, 11-4

REMOVE_SCHEMA_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-10

REMOVE_TABLE_POLICY procedure, 8-3, 8-5

REPADMIN account, 11-9, 11-13, 11-14

replication

materialized views (snapshots), 11-9, 11-13, 11-15

with Oracle Label Security, 11-9, 11-10

RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS procedure, 4-19, 4-22

restrictions, Oracle Label Security, B-15

row labels

changing compartments, 6-7

default, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 4-19, 9-8

example, 3-4

in distributed environment, 11-5

inserting, 4-16

LABEL_DEFAULT option, 7-5

privileges, 3-22

restoring, 4-22

saving defaults, 4-22

setting, 4-21, 9-8

setting compartments, 6-5

setting groups, 6-6

setting levels, 6-4

understanding, 3-3

updating, 3-22

viewing, 9-7

ROW_LABEL function, 4-24

row-level security, 1-4

S

SA_COMPONENTS package, 5-12

SA_POLICY_ADMIN package, 8-1

SA_SESSION functions

defined, 4-19

viewing security attributes, 4-24

SA_SYSDBA package, 5-8

SA_USER_ADMIN package

administering stored program units, 9-4

overview, 6-2

SA_USER_NAME function, 4-24, 6-16

SA_UTL package

dominance functions, A-5

overview, 9-7

SAVE_DEFAULT_LABELS procedure, 4-19, 4-22

schemas

applying policies to, 5-3, 5-10, 7-2, 7-8

default policy options, 5-9

restrictions on shared, B-16

security

introduction, 1-2

standards, 1-3

security policies

introduction, 1-3

Oracle Label Security, 1-7

VPD, 1-7

session labels

changing, 4-20

computed, 3-9

distributed database, 11-5

example, 3-4

OCI interface, A-7

restoring, 4-22

SA_UTL.SET_LABEL, 9-8

saving defaults, 4-22

setting compartments, 6-5

setting groups, 6-6

setting levels, 6-4

understanding, 3-3

viewing, 9-7

SET_ACCESS_PROFILE function, B-16

SET_ACCESS_PROFILE procedure, 6-16

SET_COMPARTMENTS procedure, 6-5

SET_DEFAULT_LABEL function, 6-13

inverse groups, 13-16

SET_DEFAULT_LABEL procedure

inverse groups, 13-25

SET_GROUPS procedure, 6-6

inverse groups, 13-23

SET_LABEL function

and RESTORE_DEFAULT_LABELS, 4-22

definition, 4-19

inverse groups, 13-17

on remote database, 11-5

SA_UTL.SET_LABEL, 9-8

using, 4-20

SET_LABEL procedure

inverse groups, 13-25

SET_LEVELS procedure, 6-4

SET_PROG_PRIVS function, 9-4

SET_ROW_LABEL function

inverse groups, 13-16, 13-17

SET_ROW_LABEL procedure, 4-19, 4-21, 6-14, 9-8, 13-17

inverse groups, 13-25, 13-26

SET_USER_LABELS procedure, 6-12

inverse groups, 13-24

SET_USER_PRIVS function, 6-15

shared schema restrictions, B-16

SQL*Loader, 12-6

STRICTLY_DOMINATED_BY function, A-3, A-5, A-6

STRICTLY_DOMINATES function, A-3, A-4, A-5

SYS account

policy enforcement, 7-9

SYS_CONTEXT

and labeling functions, 7-11

variables, A-7

SYSDBA privilege, 10-3

system privileges, 1-5, 3-23, 3-24

T

tasks, overview, 5-2

TO_DATA_LABEL function, 4-18, 5-3, 5-23

TO_LBAC_DATA_LABEL function, 7-11

triggers, 7-11

trusted stored program units

creating, 9-5

error handling, 9-6

example, 9-3

executing, 9-6

introduction, 9-2

privileges, 3-24, 9-6

re-compiling, 9-5

replacing, 9-5

U

UPDATE_CONTROL option, 7-3, 7-14

updating labeled data, 7-14

user authorizations

compartments, 3-7

groups, 3-8

levels, 3-6

understanding, 3-5

USER_SA_SESSION view, 4-23

V

views

access mediation, 3-23

ALL_SA_COMPARTMENTS, B-3

ALL_SA_GROUPS, B-3

ALL_SA_LABELS, B-3, B-4

ALL_SA_LEVELS, B-4

ALL_SA_POLICIES, B-4

ALL_SA_PROG_PRIVS, B-5

ALL_SA_SCHEMA_POLICIES, B-5

ALL_SA_TABLE_POLICIES, B-5

ALL_SA_USER_LABELS, B-6

ALL_SA_USER_LEVELS, B-7

ALL_SA_USER_PRIVS, B-8

ALL_SA_USERS, B-6

auditing, B-15

DBA_policyname_AUDIT_TRAIL, B-15

DBA_SA_AUDIT_OPTIONS, 10-9, B-8, B-15

DBA_SA_COMPARTMENTS, B-8

DBA_SA_DATA_LABELS, B-9

DBA_SA_GROUP_HIERARCHY, B-9

DBA_SA_GROUPS, B-9

DBA_SA_LABELS, B-10

DBA_SA_LEVELS, B-10

DBA_SA_POLICIES, B-10

DBA_SA_PROG_PRIVS, B-11

DBA_SA_SCHEMA_POLICIES, 7-10, B-11

DBA_SA_TABLE_POLICIES, 7-10, B-11

DBA_SA_USER_COMPARTMENTS, B-12

DBA_SA_USER_GROUPS, B-13

DBA_SA_USER_LABELS, B-13

DBA_SA_USER_LEVELS, B-14

DBA_SA_USER_PRIVS, B-14

DBA_SA_USERS, B-12

USER_SA_SESSION, 4-23

virtual private database (VPD)

introduction, 1-4

Oracle Label Security policies, 1-7

policies, 1-6

W

write access

algorithm, 3-16, 3-19

introduction, 3-10

write label, 3-9

WRITE_CONTROL option

algorithm, 3-15

definition, 7-3

introduction, 7-6

LABEL_UPDATE, 7-6

with INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, 7-6

with other options, 7-8

WRITEACROSS privilege, 3-18, 3-22, 7-3, 7-5, 7-15

WRITEDOWN privilege, 3-18, 3-22, 3-24, 7-3, 7-5, 7-15

WRITEUP privilege, 3-18, 3-22