Contents

Title and Copyright Information

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

Audience

Documentation Accessibility

Organization

Related Documentation

Conventions

What's New in Data Guard?

Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2) New Features in Data Guard

Oracle9i Release 1 (9.0.1) New Features in Data Guard

Part I Concepts and Administration

1 Introduction to Oracle Data Guard

1.1 Data Guard Configurations

1.1.1 Primary Database

1.1.2 Standby Databases

1.1.3 Configuration Example

1.2 Data Guard Services

1.2.1 Log Transport Services

1.2.2 Log Apply Services

1.2.3 Role Management Services

1.3 Data Guard Broker

1.4 Data Guard Protection Modes

1.5 Summary of Data Guard Benefits

2 Getting Started with Data Guard

2.1 Choosing a Standby Database Type

2.1.1 Physical Standby Databases

2.1.2 Logical Standby Databases

2.2 Choosing a Data Guard User Interface

2.3 Data Guard Operational Prerequisites

2.4 Standby Database Directory Structure Considerations

3 Creating a Physical Standby Database

3.1 Preparing the Primary Database for Standby Database Creation

3.1.1 Enable Forced Logging

3.1.2 Enable Archiving and Define a Local Archiving Destination

3.2 Creating a Physical Standby Database

3.2.1 Identify the Primary Database Datafiles

3.2.2 Make a Copy of the Primary Database

3.2.3 Create a Control File for the Standby Database

3.2.4 Prepare the Initialization Parameter File to be Copied to the Standby Database

3.2.5 Copy Files from the Primary System to the Standby System

3.2.6 Set Initialization Parameters on a Physical Standby Database

3.2.7 Create a Windows Service

3.2.8 Configure Listeners for the Primary and Standby Databases

3.2.9 Enable Dead Connection Detection on the Standby System

3.2.10 Create Oracle Net Service Names

3.2.11 Create a Server Parameter File for the Standby Database

3.2.12 Start the Physical Standby Database

3.2.13 Initiate Log Apply Services

3.2.14 Enable Archiving to the Physical Standby Database

3.3 Verifying the Physical Standby Database

4 Creating a Logical Standby Database

4.1 Preparing the Primary Database for Standby Database Creation

4.1.1 Enable Forced Logging

4.1.2 Enable Archiving and Define a Local Archiving Destination

4.1.3 Verify the LOG_PARALLELISM Initialization Parameter

4.1.4 Determine Support for Datatypes or Tables

4.1.5 Ensure That Table Rows in the Primary Database Can Be Uniquely Identified

4.1.6 Ensure That Supplemental Logging Is Enabled

4.1.7 Create an Alternate Tablespace

4.2 Creating a Logical Standby Database

4.2.1 Identify the Primary Database Datafiles and Log Files

4.2.2 Make a Copy of the Primary Database

4.2.3 Prepare the Initialization Parameter File to Be Copied to the Standby System

4.2.4 Copy Files from the Primary Database Location to the Standby Location

4.2.5 Set Initialization Parameters on the Logical Standby Database

4.2.6 Create a Windows Service

4.2.7 Configure the Listener for Both the Primary and Standby Databases

4.2.8 Enable Dead Connection Detection on the Standby System

4.2.9 Create Oracle Net Service Names

4.2.10 Start and Mount the Logical Standby Database

4.2.11 Rename the Datafiles on the Logical Standby Database

4.2.12 Rename Online Redo Logs on the Logical Standby Database

4.2.13 Turn On the Database Guard

4.2.14 Reset the Database Name of the Logical Standby Database

4.2.15 Change the Database Name in the Parameter File

4.2.16 Create a New Temporary File for the Logical Standby Database

4.2.17 Register the Archived Redo Log and Start SQL Apply Operations

4.2.18 Enable Archiving to the Logical Standby Database

4.3 Verify the Logical Standby Database

5 Log Transport Services

5.1 Introduction to Log Transport Services

5.2 Data Protection Modes

5.3 Transporting Redo Data

5.3.1 Online Redo Logs

5.3.2 Archived Redo Logs

5.3.3 Standby Redo Logs

5.4 Destination Parameters and Attributes

5.4.1 Specifying Archive Destinations for Redo Logs

5.4.2 Specifying Storage Locations for Archived Redo Logs and Standby Redo Logs

5.4.3 Specifying Mandatory and Optional Destinations

5.4.4 Sharing a Log File Destination Among Multiple Standby Databases

5.4.5 Specifying Archive Failure Policies

5.4.6 Other Destination Types

5.5 Transmission and Reception of Redo Data

5.5.1 Specifying the Process that Transmits Redo Data

5.5.2 Specifying Network Transmission Mode

5.5.3 Writing Redo Data to Disk

5.6 Log Transport Services in Sample Configurations

5.7 Setting the Data Protection Mode of a Data Guard Configuration

5.8 Log Transport Services Administration

5.8.1 Database Initialization Parameters

5.8.2 Preparing Initialization Parameters for Role Transitions

5.9 Monitoring Redo Log Archival Information

6 Log Apply Services

6.1 Introduction to Log Apply Services

6.2 Applying Redo Data to Physical Standby Databases

6.2.1 Starting the Physical Standby Instance

6.2.2 Starting Managed Recovery Operations

6.2.3 Controlling Redo Apply Operations

6.2.4 Datafile Management

6.3 Applying Redo Data to Logical Standby Databases

6.3.1 Starting and Stopping Log Apply Services

6.3.2 Ensuring That Redo Logs Are Being Applied

6.4 Managing Archive Gaps

6.4.1 What Is an Archive Gap?

6.4.2 When Is an Archive Gap Discovered?

6.4.3 Determining If an Archive Gap Exists on a Physical Standby Database

6.4.4 How Is a Gap Resolved?

6.5 Monitoring Log Apply Services for Physical Standby Databases

6.5.1 Accessing the V$MANAGED_STANDBY Fixed View

6.5.2 Accessing the V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS Fixed View

6.5.3 Accessing the V$ARCHIVED_LOG Fixed View

6.5.4 Accessing the V$LOG_HISTORY Fixed View

6.5.5 Accessing the V$DATAGUARD_STATUS Fixed View

6.6 Monitoring Log Apply Services for Logical Standby Databases

6.6.1 Accessing the DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS View

6.6.2 Accessing the DBA_LOGSTDBY_LOG View

6.6.3 Accessing the DBA_LOGSTDBY_PROGRESS View

6.6.4 Accessing the V$LOGSTDBY Fixed View

6.6.5 Accessing the V$LOGSTDBY_STATS Fixed View

6.7 Setting Archive Tracing

6.7.1 Determining the Location of the Trace Files

6.7.2 Setting the Log Trace Parameter

6.7.3 Choosing an Integer Value

7 Role Management

7.1 Introduction to Role Transitions

7.1.1 Which Role Transition to Use

7.1.2 Switchover Operations

7.1.3 Failover Operations

7.2 Role Transitions Involving Physical Standby Databases

7.2.1 Switchover Operations Involving a Physical Standby Database

7.2.2 Failover Operations Involving a Physical Standby Database

7.3 Role Transitions Involving Logical Standby Databases

7.3.1 Switchover Operations Involving a Logical Standby Database

7.3.2 Failover Operations Involving a Logical Standby Database

8 Managing a Physical Standby Database

8.1 Starting Up and Shutting Down a Physical Standby Database

8.1.1 Starting Up a Physical Standby Database

8.1.2 Shutting Down a Physical Standby Database

8.2 Using a Standby Database That Is Open for Read-Only Access

8.2.1 Assessing Whether to Open a Standby Database for Read-Only Access

8.2.2 Opening a Standby Database for Read-Only Access

8.2.3 Sorting Considerations For Standby Databases Open for Read-Only Access

8.3 Creating Primary Database Back Up Files Using a Physical Standby Database

8.4 Managing Primary Database Events That Affect the Standby Database

8.4.1 Adding a Datafile or Creating a Tablespace

8.4.2 Dropping a Tablespace in the Primary Database

8.4.3 Renaming a Datafile in the Primary Database

8.4.4 Adding or Dropping Online Redo Logs

8.4.5 Altering the Primary Database Control File

8.4.6 NOLOGGING or Unrecoverable Operations

8.5 Monitoring the Primary and Standby Databases

8.5.1 Alert Log

8.5.2 Dynamic Performance Views (Fixed Views)

8.5.3 Monitoring Recovery Progress

9 Managing a Logical Standby Database

9.1 Configuring and Managing Logical Standby Databases

9.1.1 Managing SQL Apply Operations

9.1.2 Controlling User Access to Tables in a Logical Standby Database

9.1.3 Modifying a Logical Standby Database

9.1.4 Handling Triggers and Constraints on a Logical Standby Database

9.1.5 Skipping SQL Apply Operations on a Logical Standby Database

9.1.6 Adding or Re-Creating Tables on a Logical Standby Database

9.1.7 Viewing and Controlling Logical Standby Events

9.1.8 Viewing SQL Apply Operations Activity

9.1.9 Delaying the Application of Archived Redo Logs

9.1.10 Determining How Much Redo Log Data Was Applied

9.1.11 Recovering from Errors

9.1.12 Refreshing Materialized Views

9.2 Tuning Logical Standby Databases

10 Data Guard Scenarios

10.1 Choosing the Best Available Standby Database for a Role Transition

10.1.1 Example: Best Physical Standby Database for a Failover Operation

10.1.2 Example: Best Logical Standby Database for a Failover Operation

10.2 Using a Physical Standby Database with a Time Lag

10.2.1 Establishing a Time Lag on a Physical Standby Database

10.2.2 Failing Over to a Physical Standby Database with a Time Lag

10.3 Switching Over to a Physical Standby Database That Has a Time Lag

10.4 Recovering from a Network Failure

10.5 Recovering After the NOLOGGING Clause Is Specified

10.5.1 Recovery Steps for Logical Standby Databases

10.5.2 Recovery Steps for Physical Standby Databases

10.5.3 Determining If a Backup Is Required After Unrecoverable Operations

Part II Reference

11 Initialization Parameters

11.1 Viewing Initialization Parameters

11.2 Modifying a Server Parameter File

11.2.1 Exporting a Server Parameter File to an Editable File for Modifications

11.2.2 Using SQL ALTER SYSTEM SET to Modify a Server Parameter File

11.3 Initialization Parameters for Instances in a Data Guard Configuration

ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET

COMPATIBLE

CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME

CONTROL_FILES

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

DB_FILES

DB_NAME

FAL_CLIENT

FAL_SERVER

LOCK_NAME_SPACE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES

LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST

LOG_ARCHIVE_START

LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_PARALLELISM

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS

REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE

SHARED_POOL_SIZE

SORT_AREA_SIZE

STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT

USER_DUMP_DEST

12 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Attributes

12.1 About LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Attributes

12.2 Changing Destination Attributes Using SQL Statements

12.3 Incrementally Changing LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Settings

12.3.1 Viewing Current Settings of Destination Initialization Parameters

AFFIRM and NOAFFIRM

ALTERNATE and NOALTERNATE

ARCH and LGWR

DELAY and NODELAY

DEPENDENCY and NODEPENDENCY

LOCATION and SERVICE

MANDATORY and OPTIONAL

MAX_FAILURE and NOMAX_FAILURE

NET_TIMEOUT and NONET_TIMEOUT

QUOTA_SIZE and NOQUOTA_SIZE

QUOTA_USED and NOQUOTA_USED

REGISTER and NOREGISTER

REGISTER=location_format

REOPEN and NOREOPEN

SYNC and ASYNC

TEMPLATE and NOTEMPLATE

12.4 Attribute Compatibility for Archive Destinations

13 SQL Statements

13.1 ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE

13.2 ALTER DATABASE ADD [STANDBY] LOGFILE

13.3 ALTER DATABASE ADD [STANDBY] LOGFILE MEMBER

13.4 ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA

13.5 ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER

13.6 ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS

13.7 ALTER DATABASE DROP [STANDBY] LOGFILE

13.8 ALTER DATABASE DROP [STANDBY] LOGFILE MEMBER

13.9 ALTER DATABASE [NO]FORCE LOGGING

13.10 ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE

13.11 ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY

13.12 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE

13.13 ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE

13.14 ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE {PROTECTION | AVAILABILITY | PERFORMANCE}

13.15 ALTER DATABASE START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY

13.16 ALTER DATABASE {STOP | ABORT} LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY

14 Views

About Views

DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_LOG (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_NOT_UNIQUE (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_PARAMETERS (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_PROGRESS (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_SKIP (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_SKIP_TRANSACTION (Logical Standby Databases Only)

DBA_LOGSTDBY_UNSUPPORTED (Logical Standby Databases Only)

V$ARCHIVE_DEST

V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS

V$ARCHIVE_GAP

V$ARCHIVED_LOG

V$DATABASE

V$DATAFILE

V$DATAGUARD_STATUS

V$LOG

V$LOGFILE

V$LOG_HISTORY

V$LOGSTDBY (Logical Standby Databases Only)

V$LOGSTDBY_STATS (Logical Standby Databases Only)

V$MANAGED_STANDBY (Physical Standby Databases Only)

V$STANDBY_LOG

Part III Appendixes and Glossary

A Troubleshooting the Standby Database

A.1 Problems During Standby Database Preparation

A.1.1 The Standby Archive Destination Is Not Defined Properly

A.1.2 The Standby Site Does Not Receive Logs Archived by the Primary Database

A.1.3 You Cannot Mount the Physical Standby Database

A.2 Log Destination Failures

A.3 Ignoring Logical Standby Database Failures

A.4 Problems Switching Over to a Standby Database

A.4.1 Switchover Fails

A.4.2 Recovering After An Unsuccessful Switchover Operation

A.4.3 Startup of Second Physical Standby Database Fails

A.4.4 Archived Redo Logs Are Not Applied After a Switchover

A.4.5 Switchover Fails When SQL Sessions Are Active

A.5 What to Do If SQL Apply Operations to a Logical Standby Database Stop

A.6 Network Tuning for Redo Log Transmission

A.7 Managing Data Guard Network Timeout

B Manual Recovery

B.1 Preparing a Standby Database for Manual Recovery: Basic Tasks

B.2 Placing the Standby Database in Manual Recovery Mode

B.2.1 Initiating Manual Recovery Mode

B.2.2 When Is Manual Recovery Required?

B.3 Resolving Archive Gaps Manually

B.3.1 What Causes Archive Gaps?

B.3.2 Determining If an Archive Gap Exists

B.3.3 Manually Transmitting the Logs in the Archive Gap to the Standby Site

B.3.4 Manually Applying the Logs in the Archive Gap to the Standby Database

B.4 Renaming Standby Database Files Manually

C Standby Database Real Application Clusters Support

C.1 Configuring Standby Databases in a Real Application Clusters Environment

C.1.1 Setting Up a Multi-Instance Primary Database with a Single-Instance Standby Database

C.1.2 Setting Up a Multi-Instance Primary Database with a Multi-Instance Standby Database

C.1.3 Setting Up a Cross-Instance Archival Database Environment

C.2 Configuration Considerations in Real Application Clusters Environments

C.2.1 Archived Log File Format

C.2.2 Archive Destination Quotas

C.2.3 Data Protection Modes

C.2.4 Role Transitions

C.3 Troubleshooting

C.3.1 Switchover Fails in a Real Application Clusters Configuration

C.3.2 Avoiding Downtime in Real Application Clusters During a Network Outage

D Cascaded Redo Log Destinations

D.1 Configuring Cascaded Redo Log Destinations

D.1.1 Configuring Cascaded Redo Log Destinations for Physical Standby Databases

D.1.2 Configuring Cascaded Redo Log Destinations for Logical Standby Databases

D.2 Examples of Cascaded Redo Log Destinations

D.2.1 Scenario 1

D.2.2 Scenario 2

D.2.3 Scenario 3

D.2.4 Scenario 4

D.2.5 Scenario 5

E Sample Disaster Recovery ReadMe File

Glossary

Index